High rainfall and low temperatures can cause grapes not to reach adequate maturation indexes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of leaf removal, hormonal regulator and vegetable extracts on the quality of grape and wine. An experiment was conducted in a vineyard of Malbec cv.in southern Brazil by two consecutive seasons. Treatments were: 1) control, 2) manual defoliation in early maturation; 3) defoliation 15 days after the first defoliation; 4) S-ABA200 mg L-1; 5) S-ABA400 mg L-1; 6) S-ABA600 mg L-1. 7) vegetal Stachytarpheta cayenensis extract (100 g L-1) and 8) Cymbopogon citratus 100 g L-1. Diameter and length of canes, soluble solids, titratable acidity, anthocyanins and polyphenols in berry and wine, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll index, defoliation percentage and leaf chlorosis and color index of berry skin were evaluated. Defoliation and S-ABA increased PAR. S-ABA provided leaf chlorosis and lowered the chlorophyll content, causing senescence. Defoliation and S-ABA increased the levels of total polyphenols, anthocyanins both in berry skin and wine of grapes Malbec cv. Vegetal extracts applied did not influence physical and chemical analyses, neither in anthocyanins and total polyphenols.

In viticulture, various techniques can be used to improve productivity, tolerance to biotic or abiotic stress, the quality of grapes and wines such as the use of plant regulators and biostimulants. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of abscisic acid (S-ABA), Ascophyllum nodosum (A. nodosum) seaweed extract and Aloe vera (A. vera) gel on phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of grapes from the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard in Campo Largo - Paraná, in two consecutive seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, involving the following treatments: 1) control; 2) (S-ABA) 400 mg/L; 3) S- ABA 600 mg/L; 4) A. vera gel 200 mL/L; 5) A. vera gel 400 mL/L; 6) seaweed extract 0.2 mL/L; 7) seaweed extract 0.4 mL/L. Two applications were performed with the seaweed extract and A. gel when the bunches were at veraison stage (50 and 75% of grape berries with coloration). Total anthocyanins content, total polyphenols content and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes were assessed in the berries skin. Total anthocyanins, individual anthocyanins and total polyphenol contents as well as lightness, chroma and hue angle were analyzed in the corresponding wines. S-ABA increased the content of anthocyanins and total polyphenols, as well as the activity of PAL in the first season. A. nodosum (AN) seaweed extract increased the total polyphenol content, total anthocyanins content and PAL in the berry skin of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety. S-ABA increased the total polyphenol content and anthocyanins in wine, as well as the A. nodosum, in at least one of the evaluated seasons.

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the impact of ‘Eva’ apple tress cultivation under nets with different colors as opposed to cultivation deprived of net treatment on the attributes related to the vigor of the plant, production and fruit quality. The evaluations were carried out during the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop growing seasons at commercial production fields located in the municipality of Porto Amazonas, PR. The treatments in study consisted of a control (plants grown with no protecting net), along with plants protected by anti-hail nets of distinct colors such as white, crystal (transparent) and black. The following response variables were assessed herein: length and diameter of the branch, plant height and branch diameter as plant vigor measurements, crop production (kg plant-1) and yield (kg ha-1), and number of fruits per plant as to productive yield of the cropping system, as well as shape (height and diameter) of the fruits, mass, Hue angle, firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity to test grade or fruit quality. There was no significant effect of protecting nets on both vigor and development of the plants. However, production and yield were consistently more expressive under crystal and white protecting nets throughout the second crop growing season. This demonstrated that ‘Eva’ apple trees were conducive to render as well as or even better than those plants bereft of protecting nets in view of the fact that the former treatments caused the plants to suffer less harmful impacts promoted by hail events, excess of wind, and sun burning disorders. The black anti-hail net resulted in negative outcomes as to coloration of the fruits in conjunction with titratable acidity, making them reddish and acidic and, therefore, less attractive for in natura commercial consumption.

As condições climáticas têm uma forte influência no cultivo da videira. A alta precipitação e as baixas temperaturas, por exemplo, podem fazer com que as uvas não atinjam índices de maturação adequados. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da desfolha e da aplicação de ácido abscísico (S-ABA) na melhoria da qualidade da uva, foi realizado um experimento em um vinhedo comercial da uva ‘Primitivo’, no Sul do Brasil, durante duas safras. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1) controle; 2) desfolha manual no início da maturação ('veraison'); 3) 15 dias após a primeira desfolha manual; 4) ácido abscísico 200 mg L-1; 5) ácido abscísico 400 mg L-1; 6) ácido abscísico 600 mg L-1. Foram avaliadas as variáveis ​​sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, polifenóis totais e antocianinas, intensidade de cor nas bagas, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, índice de clorofila, porcentagem de desfolha e clorose. A desfolha manual realizada 15 dias após a primeira desfolha aumentou os sólidos solúveis e reduziu a acidez titulável, enquanto a aplicação de 400 mg L-1 de S-ABA aumentou a acidez titulável do mosto de uva. Houve uma maior radiação fotossinteticamente ativa próximo ao cacho para tratamentos de desfolha e S-ABA. A aplicação de S-ABA proporcionou clorose nas folhas, seguida de baixo teor de clorofila, causando a senescência. Portanto, a desfolha 15 dias após a primeira desfolha manual influenciou os sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável, e a aplicação de ácido abscísico aumentou os níveis de polifenóis totais, antocianinas e a intensidade da cor nas cascas das bagas ‘Primitivo’.

The aim was to determine the ideal concentration of sucrose along with the number of plants per container in the face of micropropagation of blueberry under TIS. In the experiment conducted with sucrose concentration (0, 10, 20, e 30 g L-1), we utilized a WPM medium, taking into account 30 explants per container. For the experiment dealing with blueberry plant density, the same medium with 20 g L-1 of sucrose in conjunction with 30, 40, 50 and 60 explants per container was used. After 90 days from the installation of the trial, the following response variables were assessed herein: total length of the plant, number of shoots, length of the largest shoot, number of hyperhydric shoots, length of hyperhydric shoots, and number of healthy leaves. Under a sucrose concentration corresponding to 20 g L-1 the best possible results were obtained. Survival rates of 22 and 80% under the influence of both 10 and 20 g L-1 treatments were reported, pointing out that plants exposed to 20 g L-1 treatment were more amenable to acclimatization. Thus, for the micropropagation of blueberry under TIS the use of 20 g L-1 sucrose and 60 plants/container comes to being highly recommended to increase yield.

Na cevada, a deficiência nutricional, ocasionada pelo déficit de micronutrientes, é um fator-chave que afeta negativamente a sua produtividade. Dentre os micronutrientes, o Zinco (Zn) e o Boro (B) estão sendo amplamente estudados em detrimento ao crescimento da planta, tal qual a qualidade do seu produto, os quais são favorecidos pelo suprimento balanceado desses micronutrientes. Nesta concepção, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a aplicação de zinco no tratamento de sementes e pleno perfilhamento e a aplicação de boro via adubação foliar, combinados ou não na cultura da cevada na Região dos Campos Gerais -PR. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com 4 níveis de tratamento e 4 repetições, cujas parcelas foram compostas por 5 linhas de cevada com 2 metros de comprimento e espaçadas por 0,45m, totalizando 4,5m². Os tratamentos foram: testemunha, Zn: aplicação de zinco 4ml kg-1 via tratamento de sementes e no estádio de pleno perfilhamento; B: aplicação foliar de boro no estádio R1; Zn + B: aplicação combinada de Zn e B. Foram avaliados o rendimento de grãos (com umidade corrigida para 13%), componentes do rendimento (número de espiguetas por planta, número de grãos por planta, massa de grãos por planta e massa de mil grãos), estatura de plantas e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Os tratamentos de zinco e boro isolados aumentaram o rendimento de grãos e os componentes de rendimento para a cultivar BRS Cauê. Os parâmetros de qualidade fisiológica também foram superiores para os tratamentos de zinco e boro aplicados isoladamente. Apenas para o peso de mil sementes o zinco aumentou significativamente. Conclui-se que a aplicação de zinco via tratamento de sementes e pleno perfilhamento, assim como a aplicação foliar de boro proporcionam maiores rendimentos e melhoria na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de cevada.

In order to test the use of ammonia thiosulfate (ATS) in the chemical thinning of the Japanese plum tree, a field experiment was conducted throughout the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop growing seasons at Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. The experimental design adopted herein was a randomized block design (RBD). During the 2015/2016 season, the trial was comprised of two accesses and six treatments, such as T1 (control); T2 (ATS 4%); T3 (ATS 5%); T4 (ATS 6%); T5 (ATS 7%) and T6 (manual thinning) with four replications. During the 2016/2017 season, solely one plum tree access was taken into account along with six treatments, such as T1 (control); T2 (ATS 6%); T3 (ATS 7%); T4 (ATS 8%); T5 (ATS 9%) and T6 (manual thinning) and four replications. The evaluations were performed seven days before the application of ATS and 30 days before harvest to establish the percentage of fruit drop. The following response variables were assessed: diameter (D), fresh mass (MF), firmness (N), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), ratio, pH and plant production (PP). Experimental data were compared by means of the Tukey test at 5% probability. The concentration of 8 % ATS was efficient in the chemical thinning of the Japanese plum fruits, having a diameter and productivity similar to the manual thinning, evidencing that such a product was amenable to enhance commercial fruit quality.

O morangueiro é uma cultura exigente em relação a temperatura e condições climáticas, seu cultivo em ambiente protegido, produz frutos ricos em açúcares como sacarose, frutose e vitaminas, também possui poucos carboidratos, tornando-o muito saboroso aceito pelos consumidores. Sua comercialização também pode ser como geleia e polpa, sucos e fermentados. A preparação do fermentado de morango, não é uma bebida que apresenta grande comercialização no Brasil, apesar do conhecimento acerca de sua produção. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a cinética e a caracterização físico-química do fermentado de morango em cultivo protegido com três cultivares de morango na Região dos Campos Gerais. O delineamento foi em inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições cada. Sendo 3 tratamentos: testemunha, um tratamento com a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisae e Saccharomyces bayanus. Para as análises químicas, foi efetuado o teor de sólidos solúveis com refratômetro digital. A acidez titulável (% de ácido cítrico) e o pH foram analisados também, assim como as variáveis fenólicas e o perfil cinético. Sólidos solúveis não foi significativo, para as variáveis fenólicas, a Saccharomyces bayanus apresentou os maiores teores quando comparado com os demais tratamentos, assim como demorou mais tempo para formar a produção no perfil cinético. Alguns autores relatam que os ácidos orgânicos presentes nas frutas interferem na atividade da cepa.