Nematodes of the GenusТrichuris (Nematoda, Trichuridae) Parasitizing Sheep in Central and South-Eastern Regions of Ukraine. Yevstafi eva, V. A., Yuskiv, I. D., Melnychuk, V. V., Yasnolob, I. O., Kovalenko, V. A., Horb, K. O. -Abundance and distribution of nematodes of the genus Тrichuris Schrank, 1788 parasitizing domestic sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758) were studied in Poltava, Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia Regions of Ukraine. Th ree species of Тrichuris were found, Trichuris skrjabini Baskakov, 1924, Trichuris оvis Abildgaard, 1795 and Trichuris globulosa Linstow, 1901. Trichuris оvis and T. skrjabini were more common (54.9 and 35.7 %), whereas Т. globulosa was relatively rare (9.4 %) in the studied material. New species-specifi c and sex-related morphological characters and metric indices were reviewed as useful in better identifi cation of T. skrjabini, Т. оvis and Т. globulosa parasitizing sheep.
The idea of inhancing competitiveness of the national economy was developed in the article from the position of improving energy efficiency and diversifying energy supply sources in rural areas, considering promising directions of development. Current situation in the country was analyzed, and comparisons with European countries were made, promising ways of sustainable rural development were determined, connected with the creation and improvement of the existing tools for using renewable energy sources. Particular attention was paid to the analysis and development of concepts of optimal models for complex utilization of renewable energy sources at the local level. Practical recommendations for introduction of renewable energy sources for energy supply in rural areas were developed. The necessity in deepening Goverment system measures to stimulate and support energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable energy sources was proven, as well as priority directions for the implementation of corresponding projects were identified. The necessity and peculiarities of the ways of diversifying energy supply sources for rural territories were studied. The concept and practical recommendations for utilization of biomass as the most promising type of renewable energy sources in rural areas of Ukraine were developed.
Strongyloides westeri (Ihle, 1917), a parasitic horse nematode, has an unusual lifecycle, which allows it to exist for a long time in the environment. Morphometric features of eggs, larvae and free-living S. westeri were studied in vitro under different temperature regimes. The optimal temperature for their embryonic development is 25 °С, under which 90% of the first stage rhabditiform larvae are formed and released within 7 hours of cultivation. The temperatures of 20 and 30 °С are less favorable for their development. Embryonic development of Strongyloides has four stages that differ in morphology and size. The eggs of a parthenogenetic female are 3.7% longer and 19.6% wider than eggs isolated from free-living females of S. westeri. In embryogenesis, the eggs shorten by 4.4 μm (6.5%) and widen by 5.35 μm (8.3%). New data were obtained on postembryonic development of S. westeri. The differential morphometric features of stage 1 and 2 rhabditiform larvae which grow both in length and width (33.7% and 30.4% respectively) are established. The development of filariform larvae is associated with loss of bulbous thickening and formation of cylindrical oesophagus. Simultaneously, the body elongates, and the gut becomes shorter. Differential morphometric features of free-living males and females of S. westeri are the length and width of body, length of oesophagus, gut, tail end, and size of spicules. Postembryonic development of the free-living and parasitic generations from rhabditiform larvae is temperature-dependent. Most of the free-living generations of Strongyloides (54.0%) are formed at 20 °С, and filariform larvae mostly (70.0%) develop at 30 °С. The obtained results of morphological studies improve differential diagnostics of the nematode at various stages of development and further advance the study of its intraspecific variability.
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