In 2020, exports from Russia amounted to about 79 million tons of agricultural products and food worth $ 30.7 billion, which is 20% more than in 2019. By 2024, the volume of exports of agricultural products should grow to $ 45 billion, which indicates export opportunities and its prospects. The drought of the growing season of 2021, together with internal factors, caused a shortfall in crop production in the Republic of Tatarstan in the amount of about 43 billion rubles, and a 48% increase in the cost of grain led to a shortfall in profit in the amount of 3 billion rubles. Unfavorable external economic factors, imperfection of state regulation in terms of organizational and administrative nature, lead to a decrease in production efficiency, which could be observed on the example of the beet industry, manifested in an increase in prices for its final products in 2020. Studies have shown that under the same soil-climatic, economic conditions of management, the efficiency of grain production in the context of municipal districts of the Transcamian zone of the Republic of Tatarstan differed significantly (the average level of profitability for 3 years ranged from 13% to 24%). An analysis of the financial results of agricultural enterprises of the republic for 2015-2020 showed that four out of six years, agricultural producers, excluding subsidies from budgets, had a negative financial result, which necessitates an increase in government measures aimed at compensating for the loss of income to agricultural producers. In order to make more complete use of internal reserves, it is necessary to study and implement the technology and organization of production from commodity producers who, under the same soil and climatic conditions, show a high level of production efficiency. State executive authorities, represented by line ministries and departments, should take measures to stimulate production volumes, strengthen intervention measures in the market of agricultural products, raw materials and food, regulate imports and exports, and ensure price parity measures in agricultural industries
The study was carried out in order to study the level of development of the regional agricultural sector of the economy, identify current problems that hinder the sustainable development of agricultural business entities and substantiate proposals for ensuring its further development. The agrarian sector of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan is designed to solve the problems of providing the population with food at affordable prices in the face of severe restrictions and sanctions from unfriendly countries. 450 large and medium-sized agricultural organizations, 3006 peasant farms (peasant farms), 2.5 ... 3 thousand individual entrepreneurs and more than 472.4 thousand personal subsidiary plots of the population are involved in this task. 4.3% of the agricultural products of the Russian Federation and 15.0% of the agricultural products of the Volga Federal District are produced on the territory of the republic. Over the past five years, the pace of development of agricultural business entities has been slowing down faster than the economy of the republic as a whole (the decrease in the average annual rate of economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan is 2.9%, the agricultural sector - 3.1%), which may lead in the future to a decrease in the share of agriculture in the gross regional product of the republic from 10 ... 11% to 6 ... 7%. to intensify work on the creation of drought-resistant varieties of agricultural crops, moisture-saving technologies and land reclamation measures. One of the most important tasks is the dissemination of information and digital technologies at all stages of the implementation of technological processes for the production of agricultural products. In animal husbandry, it is required to carry out a gradual replacement of unproductive animals with highly productive breeding stock, to accelerate their breeding. In 2021, agricultural producers participated in 19 digitalization projects in crop production and 145 farms used digital systems in cattle breeding, which contributed to an increase in milk production by 62 thousand tons and additional revenue in the amount of 1.6 billion rubles.
The study was carried out in order to study the level of development of the regional agricultural sector of the economy, identify current problems that hinder the sustainable development of agricultural business entities and substantiate proposals for ensuring its further development. The agrarian sector of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan is designed to solve the problems of providing the population with food at affordable prices in the face of severe restrictions and sanctions from unfriendly countries. 450 large and medium-sized agricultural organizations, 3006 peasant farms (peasant farms), 2.5 ... 3 thousand individual entrepreneurs and more than 472.4 thousand personal subsidiary plots of the population are involved in this task. 4.3% of the agricultural products of the Russian Federation and 15.0% of the agricultural products of the Volga Federal District are produced on the territory of the republic. Over the past five years, the pace of development of agricultural business entities has been slowing down faster than the economy of the republic as a whole (the decrease in the average annual rate of economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan is 2.9%, the agricultural sector - 3.1%), which may lead in the future to a decrease in the share of agriculture in the gross regional product of the republic from 10 ... 11% to 6 ... 7%. to intensify work on the creation of drought-resistant varieties of agricultural crops, moisture-saving technologies and land reclamation measures. One of the most important tasks is the dissemination of information and digital technologies at all stages of the implementation of technological processes for the production of agricultural products. In animal husbandry, it is required to carry out a gradual replacement of unproductive animals with highly productive breeding stock, to accelerate their breeding. In 2021, agricultural producers participated in 19 digitalization projects in crop production and 145 farms used digital systems in cattle breeding, which contributed to an increase in milk production by 62 thousand tons and additional revenue in the amount of 1.6 billion rubles.
Technical re-equipment in the economic literature involves equipping enterprises with new equipment, the introduction of progressive technologies, modernization and replacement of outdated and physically worn equipment, mechanization and automation of technological processes. Developing this direction, we will expand the theoretical aspects of re-equipment such as the development of equipment and technologies in several stages based on innovations of scientific and technological progress, and the influence of scientific potential in the field of modernization of technology, including the process of digital transformation. The purpose of the study is to analyze and expand the theoretical aspects of technical modernization of agriculture based on the formation of a model of technical modernization of agribusiness. Main research methods: general scientific (analysis of literature on the research problem, generalization, comparison and systematization of empirical and theoretical data) approach. The study widely uses the concepts of modern science of digitalization of the economy. For further improvement of this process, the author's model of technical and technological re-equipment of agriculture in the conditions of transition to the digital economy is proposed, which involves the identification of re-equipment factors (STP, state support, staffing, the state of the technical base), identification of digitalization risks (information security, job cuts, equipment downtime due to lack of Internet), determination of the result (growth of competitiveness, improvement of social infrastructure, increase in production efficiency, improvement of the environmental situation).
In the conditions of insufficient use of the possibilities of cooperation in improving the efficiency of agricultural production, improving the food provision to the population through the development of cooperative entrepreneurship, research work was carried out to substantiate the essence of cooperative entrepreneurship, its features in the agricultural sector, develop recommendations for ensuring the development and effective functioning of cooperative forms of management on an entrepreneurial basis. The studies were carried out using monographic, abstract-logical, computational-constructive, economic-statistical methods. The information base for the study was official regulations, materials from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tatarstan, official data from Rosstat and Tatarstanstat for 2015-2020, the results of the authors’ own observations and sociological surveys conducted in certain municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. As the main results of the study, the substantiation of the essence and features of cooperative entrepreneurship in the agrarian sector is presented, the presence of a significant reserve for the development of agricultural cooperation through the involvement of non-cooperative peasant (farmer) households and households in cooperatives is revealed. Revealed: insufficient preparedness of managers and specialists of agricultural cooperatives in the organization of effective entrepreneurial activity; lack of financial resources for a significant part of the newly registered cooperatives to carry out full-fledged entrepreneurial activities; shortcomings in the current legislation on agricultural cooperation. It is proposed to deepen scientific research, improve the training and advanced training of cooperative personnel in the field of organizing effective business activities, intra-cooperative relations in compliance with cooperative principles; allocation of additional financial resources to support newly registered cooperatives; improvement of the current legislation in the field of agricultural cooperation, the introduction of statistical reporting on the results of the work of cooperatives
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