Dependence of the Efficiency of Agricultural Business on  External and Internal Factors  (On the Example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

Potato harvesting is an important process in crop growing technology. When implementing it, it is not necessary to completely crumble the surface layer of the soil, but only to break up its clods, which is achieved by introducing a spring into the design of the ploughshare. During translational movement, a force arises directed in the opposite direction, which compresses the spring. When the force acting on the ploughshare decreases, it expands, and when it increases, it contracts. The resulting vibrations are transmitted to the soil clods and, with sufficient force, their destruction occurs. Vibrations of the share lead to a change in its kinetic energy. Instantaneous energy increases and decreases, while the average energy remains constant. More complete information about the interaction of the ploughshare with the surface layer can be obtained through mathematical modeling. The purpose of the study is to determine the compression coefficient of the spring. The simulation is based on solving Lagrange equations of the second type in the Cartesian coordinate system with initial and boundary conditions determined by the design of the ploughshare. When compiling a mathematical model, the following were taken into account: – the gravity of the ploughshare; – gravity of the soil layer; – the elastic force of the spring, which creates additional vibrations; – cutting force of the soil layer; – the friction force of the soil layer on the surface of the ploughshare, – the normal reaction of the supporting surface of the ploughshare and the angle of its entry into the surface layer. Modeling made it possible to determine changes in the instantaneous value of kinetic energy, which ranges from 0 to 3.6 J. The optimal amplitude of oscillation of the share during forward motion at a speed of 6 km/h was 0.02 m. The spring stiffness coefficient for loamy soils of the Ryazan region should be in the range of 2200…3000 N/m.

Section: Doi удк 631171unclassified

Study of the Interaction of a Spring-Loaded Ploughshare With Soil Layer Particle Based on the Solution of the Lagrange Equation of the Second Type

Yudaev,

Abramov,

Ivankina

et al. 2023

“…Важны м аспектом развития современной российской экономики в условиях беспрецедентных санкционных ограничений выступает проведение последовательных социально-экономических преобразований с целью сохранения курса устойчивого экономического роста, достижения высокого уровня качества жизни населения и улучшения благосостояния общества. В решении данной глобальной проблемы особое место занимают те отрасли экономики, развитие и эффективное функционирование которых играют важную роль в обеспечении населения товарами первой необходимости, формируют продовольственную безопасность страны [1,2]. Существенное сокращение импорта продовольственной продукции, рост численности населения вызывают объективную необходимость в увеличении производства продовольственных товаров и других продуктов первой необходимости.…”

unclassified

Main Trends of Regional Agriculture Growth: From Volume to Sustainability

Mukhametgaliev,

Valiev,

Sitdikova

et al. 2024

Self Cite

The strategic task until 2030 for the agro-economic systems of the country and its regions is to increase the average annual growth rate of volumetric indicators of agricultural production to 3%, which is twice as high as the achieved value. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to develop and implement effective mechanisms to smooth out the abrupt growth of production volumes and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural sectors. The development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan shows positive trends in the growth of volumetric indicators of production over the past five years. The volume of gross agricultural output in the region increased with an annual growth rate of 21.62 billion rubles. At the same time, the volume of production growth in the crop and livestock sectors amounted to 11.11 and 10.49 billion rubles, respectively, which demonstrates the uniform development of the two main industries. The growth in volumetric indicators of product production is mainly due to the intensification of production processes, the introduction and development of innovative technologies. Along with this, abnormal weather conditions have a negative impact on the process of sustainable development of agriculture, as evidenced by the results of 2021, when the total production volume was only 80.1% of the previous year’s level, and crop production decreased by 38.7%. The identified trend once again emphasizes the need to search for adaptive methods of farming in accordance with climate change by moving at a more intensive pace to the creation of drought-resistant varieties, the development of moisture-saving technologies and the active implementation of reclamation measures. Livestock farming is developing at a more sustainable pace, although there is a decline in the numbers of certain animal species. However, this process does not affect production volumes due to increased animal productivity. The industry is in the process of gradually replacing low-productive animals with highly productive breeding stock. To transition to sustainable development of agriculture in the republic, it is necessary to continue work on adapting technological processes to climate change, creating and introducing new varieties, developing genetic technologies for animal breeding, using digitalization and robotization of the industry.

“…Отрицательным фактором является и то, что значительный объем сельскохозяйственной продукции в стране все еще осуществляется с использованием иностранных технологий, оборудования, семян, отечественные производители сельскохозяйственных машин поставляют на продажу только малую долю (в 2022 году по тракторам 24,4%) продаваемой в стране техники [25,26]…”

unclassified

Development of the Material and Technical Base of Agro-Industrial Complex in the Context of Foreign Economic Sanctions

Khafizov,

Valiev,

Mukhametgaliev

et al. 2023

The formation of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the country’s food security in the current geopolitical conditions is possible only on the basis of strengthening and developing its material and technical base, which over the years of institutional reforms has largely become dependent on imported equipment and technologies. The withdrawal from the Russian market of suppliers of imported agricultural machinery from unfriendly countries, as a result of sanctions imposed by Western countries, provoked an increase in prices for it, which led to a reduction in the provision of basic types of agricultural machinery to agricultural producers. Thus, in 2021, the provision of agricultural organizations in the country with tractors was 3.5 times lower, and with grain harvesters 3.2 times lower than the average for 1980-1990, which indicates a steady downward trend in the provision of agricultural producers with material and technical resources. Domestic machine builders and manufacturers of agricultural machinery are not yet able to ensure the production and supply to the agricultural sector of the required number of high-performance, energy-rich and inexpensive agricultural machines and mechanisms. The current state of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex requires its significant strengthening, which is impossible without adjusting the existing agricultural policy of the state in the direction of allocating significant additional budgetary funds for the development of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex, restoring soil fertility, domestic agricultural engineering, improving selection and seed production , eliminating the disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial goods, ensuring the technological and technical independence of the Russian agro-industrial complex from other countries. It is also necessary to improve the work of regional authorities to strengthen the material and technical base of agricultural units in their regions, to create effective mechanisms for public-private partnerships to improve the efficiency of agricultural producers.