Background Prolonged exposure of free radicals, or known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), in hepatic cells may cause oxidative stress. Without proper treatment, it can induce liver injury and fatal hepatic disease, including cirrhosis. Red betel ( Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) is one of Indonesia’s medicinal plants that has been known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to determine hepatoprotective effect of red betel leaves extract (RBLE) towards liver injury. Method Hydrogen peroxide-induced HepG2 cells were used as liver injury model·H 2 O 2 -induced HepG2 cells were treated with 25 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL RBLE. Several parameters were observed, including TNF-α level through ELISA; necrotic, apoptotic, dead, live cells; and ROS level through flow cytometry analysis; and GPX gene expression through qPCR. Result The study showed that treatment with RBLE were able to decrease TNF-α level; necrotic and death cells percentage; as well as ROS level. On the other hand, it were able to increase apoptotic and live cells percentage; as well as GPX gene expression. Low concentration (25 µg/mL) of RBLE treatment exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory activity as it was resulted in the lower TNF-α level and were able to switched hepatic cell death pathway from necrosis to apoptosis as shown by the shifted of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells percentage. This lead to lower death cells and ultimately improve live cells percentage. Meanwhile high concentration of RBLE (100 µg/mL) exhibited stronger antioxidant properties as indicated by lower ROS level and higher GPX gene expression. Conclusion Overall, this study was able to demonstrate hepatoprotective effect of RBLE towards liver injury model through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Aging is a natural process in human life and is triggered by the presence of free radicals (ROS). The use of antioxidants from natural ingredients is one of the breakthroughs to overcome aging and counteract the harmful effects caused by the free radicals. This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase inhibition of red dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) and kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside (KOR) compounds. Dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) is obtained through extraction by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The design of this study included antioxidant and anti-aging activity assay of EKBN and KOR at the series concentration of 15.63; 31.25; 62.50; 125; 250; 500 µg/mL through H2O2 scavenging, as well as the DFPE and KOR hyaluronidase inhibition assay at the series concentration of 5.21; 10.42; 20.83; 41.7; 83.33; 166.67 µg/mL. EKBN shows that the average activity of H2O2 scavenging is lower than KOR. In addition, the IC50 values of KOR for H2O2 scavenging is lower (351.46±2.30ug/mL) than DFPE (409.64±23.17ug/mL). While, KOR also has higher values of inhibitory activity than of the DFPE. However, the IC50 value of KOR for hyaluronidase inhibition activity was 84.07±10.46µg/mL, equivalent to the IC50 value of DFPE (85.32±10.24µg/mL). The presence of antioxidant and anti-aging activity in the EKBN is probably caused by betalain and the KOR compound itself contained in red dragon fruit. The results of the paired-samples T-test on antioxidant activity and anti-aging of DFPE and KOR showed non-significant difference. Thus, DFPE has an equivalent antioxidant and anti-aging through H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase activity as possessed by the KOR compound.

Black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a plant that is widely planted and consumed in Indonesia. In addition, black soybean has unique content of isoflavones, such as daidzein, which is one of the active compounds that have the effect of fighting free radicals and can inhibit the aging process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the antioxidant potency possessed by black soybean extract (BSE) and daidzeinin inhibiting aging of the skin. The method used is a colorimetric test. The type of antioxidant test used is H2O2 scavenging and inhibiting the activity of the hyaluronidase enzyme for antiaging. BSE has better effectiveness of H2O2 scavenging (IC50: 286.24±11.16 (µg/mL)) than daidzein compound (IC50: 366.16±2.54 (µg/mL)). In the inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme, the daidzein has more effective activities (IC50: 95.80±3.98 (µg/mL)) compared to BSE (IC50: 152.56±13.98 (µg/mL)). The antioxidant and anti-aging activities possessed by BSE make it possible to be used as a cosmetic ingredient for skin aging therapy.

Background: Skin aging is a complex natural process caused by both intrinsic or genetically programmed aging and extrinsic aging caused by environmental factors, such as free radical. The use of antioxidant and anti-collagenase to prevent the aging proses has been known. Natural compounds from plants are one of the sources of antioxidant and anti-collagenase that has ability to prevent aging. Genistein and Epicatechin are the major phenolic compound found in G. max. Objectives: This research was to evaluate the antiaging potential of genistein and epicatechin through antioxidant activity assay (ABTS-reducing activity assay) and collagenase inhibitory activity assay. Methods: Antioxidant analysis of Genistein and Epicatechin was performed by 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) reducing activity Assay. Antiaging assay was conducted through inhibitory of collagenase, one of important enzyme in aging process. Results: ABTS-reducing activity assay showed that both compounds had great ABTS-reducing activity in which epicatechin had better activity than genistein. Epicatechin had low value of IC 50 ABTS-reducing activity around 14.39 µg/ml better than genistein with IC 50 about 43.17 µg/ml. In terms of collagenase inhibitory activity assay, epicatechin had lower value of IC 50 (9.08+-3.46 ug/ml), better than genistein (98.74+-4.25 ug/ml). Conclusion: Epicatechin had higher antioxidant and anti-collagenase activity compared to Genistein.

Imbalance in liver metabolism lead to oxidative stress mainly caused by free radicals or termed as reactive oxidative oxygen (ROS). Prolonged ROS exposure without proper treatment induce severe liver damage and serious hepatic diseases including cirrhosis. Eugenol (4-allyl 2-methoxyphenol) is phenolic derivative compound that showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of eugenol through biochemical markers analysis. Cytotoxic assay was performed in various concentrations of eugenol (3,125; 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50; 100 μg/mL) using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenkyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) to determine the safe concentrations for next assays. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were performed using colorimetric method to evaluate the levels and activity of liver-related enzymes which are elevated in damaged liver as they were used as hepatotoxicity markers. The viability of HepG2 cells increased in eugenol concentration 3.125 μg/mL and then decreased along with the rise of eugenol concentrations. From this cytotoxic assay, two concentrations of eugenol were choosen (6.25 and 25 ug/ml) to be evaluated in the next assays. The level of LDH, ALT, and AST decreased after eugenol treatment compared to negative control. The most effective concentration of eugenol to seemed different in certain hepatotoxicity markers. This study suggests that eugenol was safe to use for cells culture environment in large ranges of concentrations and shows hepatoprotective effect in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity model by the decrease of LDH level and AST and ALT activities.

Aging process is a physiological process in living organisms caused by, among others, free radicals. One of the free-radical-related aging problems is skin hyperpigmentation (excessive melanin) due to increasing tyrosinase enzyme activities. Natural compounds are widely used as antioxidant and antiaging agents. Bengkuang (Pachyrhizuserosus) is known as a source of various active compounds which can be used against free radicals to reduce the risk of skin aging through tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. This study was performed in September 2018 in Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Bandung, Indonesia to examine the antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of Pachyrhizuserosus peel extract (PPE) and Pachyrhizuserosus tuber extract (PTE).The extraction of PPE and PTE was performed using 70% ethanol by maceration method, followed by phytochemical analysis using modified Farnsworth method. Antioxidant activities were measured through 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activities while antiaging assay were conducted through the tyrosinase activity inhibition. In this study, PPE contained saponin, tannin, triterpenoid, and terpenoid while the PTE showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin, phenol, tannin, and alkaloid in phytochemical analysis. In the antioxidant assay, PPE presented a higher DPPH scavenging activities (IC50= 84.09 µg/mL) when compared to PTE (IC50= 98.30 µg/mL)(p<0.05). In antiaging assay, PPE showed a higher tyrosinase inhibitory activities when compared to PTE with =97.05µg/mL and 194.51µg/mL,respectively. It can be concluded that PPE has antioxidant and antiaging activities effective for preventing skin aging. AbstrakProses penuaan merupakan suatu proses fisiologis yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup yang dapat disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Hiperpigmentasi kulitmerupakan salah satu masalah penuaan yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas melalui peningkatan aktivitas enzim tirosinase. Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa aktif yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas serta mengurangi risiko penuaan kulit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada untuk menguji kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan dan antitirosinase pada ekstrak etanol kulit bengkuang (EEKB) dan ekstrak etanol daging bengkuang (EEDB). Pembuatan ekstrak kulit dan daging bengkuang dilakukan dengan cara mengekstraksi bahan dengan etanol 70% menggunakan metode maserasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis fitokimia ekstrak dengan modifikasi metode Farnsworth. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan mengukur pemerangkapan 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) sedangkan antiaging diuji dengan mengukur aktivitas penghambatan tirosinase. Pada uji fitokimia menunjukkan EEKB memiliki kandungan senyawa saponin, tanin, triterpenoid dan terpenoid, sedangkan EEDB menunjukkan kandungan senyawa flavonoid, saponin, fenol, tanin, dan alkaloid. Pada uji antioksidan, EEKB memiliki aktivitas tertinggi pada pemerangkapan DPPH (IC 50 =84.09 µg/ mL) dibanding dengan EEDB (IC 50 =98.30 µg/mL) (p≤0.05). Pada pengujian antiagi...

Free radicals and UV exposure can cause aging. Aging prevention needs substances that can prevent molecular oxidation reactions in cells and inhibit the activity of enzymes that trigger aging. Research on pineapple skin and flesh extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) reported the presence of luteolin compound which functions as antioxidants and antityrosinase. However, in this study, the object used was pineapple core extract (PCE), which has not been widely known for its antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the content of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzymes by PCE and then compared with the luteolin (LT) compound test results using Fansworth method, DPPH scavenging activity assay and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay. Based on the study results, the phytochemical compounds contained in PCE were tannins and triterpenoids.  PCE and LT produced the highest DPPH scavenging activity, which was 64.86% and 59.32% (final concentration 200μg/ml and 6.25μg/ml) and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity, which was 60.52% and 85.02% (final concentration 100 μg/ml). Antioxidant activity was determined based on IC50 of 87.46µg/mL and 4.17 µg/ml respectively. IC50 tyrosinase enzyme inhibition EBN and LT respectively at 62.27µg/ml and 5.25 µg/ml. Antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging test and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity by PCE was lower than LT.

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