-Skin aging is a complex biological process due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Free radical oxidative is one of extrinsic factors that induce activation of collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase. Natural product from plants has been used as antioxidant and antiaging. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antiaging properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) and its compounds including myricetin, ascorbic acid, and β carotene. The phytochemical of H. sabdariffa was determined using modified Farnsworth method and presence of phenols, flavonoids and tannins were in moderate content, whereas triterpenoids and alkaloids were in low content. Total phenolic content performed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 23.85 µg GAE/mg. Quantitative analysis of myricetin, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid of HSE was performed with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) that shows 78.23 µg/mg myricetin, 0.034 µg/mg β-carotene, whilst ascorbic acid was not detected. HSE has lower activity on DPPH (IC 50 = 195.73 µg/mL) compared to β-carotene, the lowest in ABTS assay (IC 50 = 74.58 µg/mL) and low activity in FRAP assay (46.24 µM Fe(II)/µg) compared to myricetin, β-carotene. Antiaging was measured through inhibitory activity of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. HSE had weakest collagenase inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 750.33 µg/mL), elastase inhibitory activity (103.83 µg/mL), hyaluronidase inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 619.43 µg/mL) compared to myricetin, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. HSE contain higher myricetin compared to β-carotene. HSE has moderate antioxidants and lowest antiaging activities. Myricetin is the most active both antioxidant and antiaging activities.

Ipomoea reniformis Chaos is claimed in Indian traditional medical practice to be useful in the treatment of epilepsy and neurological disorders. In the present study, pretreatment effect of methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis on epilepsy and psychosis was evaluated in rodents using standard procedures. Besides evaluating epileptic and behavioral parameters, neurotransmitters such as Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) in epilepsy and in psychosis dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin contents in the rodent brain were estimated. The extract pretreatment reduced maximal electro shock; Isoniazid (INH) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures and also significantly inhibited the attenuation of brain GABA levels by INH and PTZ in mice. These results suggested that the observed beneficial effect in epilepsy may be by enhancing the GABAergic system. The test drug also inhibited the apomorphine induced climbing and stereotyped behavior and showed significantly reduced levels of brain dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin which may be due to blocking of central dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways or by enhancing the GABAergic system. The results obtained in present study suggest that the title plant possesses antiepileptic and antipsychotic activities in rodents.

Guazuma ulmifolia, or commonly known as the bastard cedar, has many pharmaceutical activities. Therefore, it is claimed as a source of various plant-based medicines. This research was purposed to identify the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of G. ulmifolia (EEGU) by phytochemical screening assay, total flavonoid and total phenolic testing, and comparative analysis between the antioxidant activities of EEGU and epicatechin. The qualitative phytochemical screening assay of EEGU detected the availability of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, but not saponins and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, the total phenolic content was 32.24 µg GAE/mg extract, and the total flavonoid content was 6.48 µg QE/mg extract. The role of antioxidants examined by FRAP, DPPH, H 2 O 2 , and ABTS assays. These assays are proved that the IC 50 values of EEGU are higher than epicatechin. For DPPH scavenging, H 2 O 2 scavenging, and ABTS reduction activities, EEGU resulted IC 50 45.70 μg/mL, 162.93 μg/mL, and 35.96 μg/mL, while epicatechin only yielded IC 50 0.56 μg/mL, 57.91 μg/mL, and 16.74 μg/mL respectively. Otherwise, the highest reduction in FRAP activities were shown at 50 μg/mL concentration of epicatechin and EEGU were 236.33 and 202.71 µM Fe (II)/µg respectively. Based on these results, EEGU is concluded as an active natural product because it exhibited antioxidant activities.

Antioxidants in chemical terms are electron donors and antioxidants are biologically compounds that can overcome the negative effects of oxidants in the body such as damage to vital cells of the body. The balance between oxidants and antioxidants is very important. Antioxidant from natural sources are safer than synthetic antioxidants. Soybeans are functional food source that contains essential amino acids, vitamin e, saponins and are rich in antioxidants such as flavonoids, isoflavones and anthocyanins. The aim of this research is to investigate antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of black soybean (EEBS) and its compound daidzein. The phytochemical screening assay evaluated by modified Farnsworth methods and to find out phenolic and flavonoid content, total phenols and flavonoids were tested. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl 1-pichylhydazy), ABTS (2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) reducing activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity and H2O2 scavenging activity assay were used to measure antioxidant activity. The analysis of phytochemical of EEBS exhibit the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids and terpenoids. Total phenol and flavonoid assay showed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Four assay of antioxidant activity showed that EEBS at highest concentration exhibit higher activity (%), and from three assays EEBS has higher antioxidant activity (expressed as IC50) than daidzein. Overall, three of the four antioxidant tests performed can be concluded that EEBS has better antioxidants activity than daidzein. Further research is needed regarding black soybean as a promising antioxidant resource.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immuno- surveillance deficiency, such NK cell maturation, low NK activity and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukins (ILs). Methods: Human recombinant IL-2, -15, and -18 were used to induce NK cells. We measured the activating and inhibiting receptors, proliferation activity of NK cells, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7). The effects of ILs were tested on the NK cell receptors CD314, CD158a and CD107a with flowcytometry, proliferation at various incubation times with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and concen- trations of TNF-α and IFN-γ by NK cells with ELISA. Results: ILs increased NK cell receptor levels (CD314, CD158a, and CD107a) at 24 hours of incubation. ILs increased NK cell viability, which increased with longer incubation. Moreover, ILs-induced NK cells inhibited proliferation in MCF7 cells, as well as increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion. Conclusion: IL-2, IL-15, and IL-18 improved activating receptors and proliferation of NK cells. IL-induced NK cells in- creased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion and cytotoxic activity on BC cells. High NK cell numbers increased BC cell growth inhibition. Keywords: Activator; breast cancer; interleukins; natural killer; receptor.