had magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter Scale with the epicenter approximately 70 km east of the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture. This earthquake triggered terrible tsunami waves which hit the coast of Japan and propagated around the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake and tsunami caused extensive and severe infrastructural damage, such as damages of coastal protection structures and buildings, and significantly changed coastal and river morphology. This paper presents tsunami-induced coastal and estuarine morphology changes in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and subsequent recovery process in each study area. On sandy coasts, discontinuous coastal protection is likely to be severely damaged, resulting in serious erosion in the surrounding sandy coast. Furthermore, severe breaching was observed on sandy coasts where formerly river mouth was located, due to strong return flow from the catchment area. The restoration process of the coast and estuaries is highly dependent on sediment supply availability in the surrounding area. Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. H. Tanaka et al. 1250010-2 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. Coastal and Estuarine Morphology Changes 1250010-3 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-5 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-6 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. Coastal and Estuarine Morphology Changes 1250010-16 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-19 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-23 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. H. Tanaka et al.

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We determine types and concentrations of free carriers in GaAs layers under organometallic chemical vapor deposition growth conditions from the linear electro-optic structure observed near 3 eV in reflectance-difference spectroscopy. The sensitivity is about 1017 cm−3 at 400 °C and 1018 cm−3 at 600 °C, sufficient to measure common doping levels at or near growth temperatures. We observed the transition between n- and p-type doping during atomic layer epitaxy of a carbon-doped p-type layer on an n-type substrate at 470 °C.

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Shoreline continuously adapts to changing multi-scale wave forcing. This study investigates the shoreline evolution of tropical beaches exposed to monsoon events and storms with a case study in Vietnam, facing the South China Sea, over the particularly active 2013-2014 season, including the Cat-5 Haiyan typhoon. Our continuous video observations show for the first time that long-lasting monsoon events have more persistent impact (longer beach recovery phase) than typhoons. Using a shoreline equilibrium model, we estimate that the seasonal shoreline behavior is driven by the envelope of intra-seasonal events rather than monthly-averaged waves. Finally, the study suggests that the interplay between intra-seasonal event intensity and duration on the one hand and recovery conditions on the other might be of key significance. Their evolution in a variable or changing climate should be considered.

The electronic properties of the ferrous ion in [Fe(H20),](YH,)2(S0,), are investigated using far-infrared (FIR) Fourier transform spectra and FIREPR measurements at low temperatures in the energy range from 8 to 100cm-I. Several absorption lines can be identified to originate from electronic excitations of the ferrous ion.

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