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To understand the genetics of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), we conducted a genome-wide association study in 987 childhood SSNS patients and 3,206 healthy controls with Japanese ancestry. Beyond known associations in the HLA-DR/DQ region, common variants in NPHS1-KIRREL2 (rs56117924, P[4.94E-20, odds ratio (OR) [1.90)

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In an investigation of roasted shrimp odour adsorbed by Tenax TA during the roasting of sun-dried sakuraebi (Sergia lucens Hansen), 31 odour-active compounds were detected by application of an aroma extract dilution analysis and subsequently identified by GC-MS analysis. Among these odorants, the following six contributed to roasted shrimp aroma, with high flavour dilution (FD) factors: methanethiol (sulphury); 1-pyrroline (shrimp meat-like); N-(2′-methylbutyl)pyrrolidine (roasted seafood-like); N-(3′-methylbutyl)pyrrolidine (roasted seafood-like); methyl isopropyl disulphide (roasted shrimp meat-like); 3-methylpyridine (fishy, green).

The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the serum and gastric juice of 58 patients with gastric cancer were determined by radioimmunoassay. The level of serum CEA was not a satisfactory indicator of gastric cancer: it was elevated in only 19.4% of the cases of advanced and unresectable cancer and 4.5% of cases of early cancer examined. However, the CEA level in the gastric juice was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in normal subjects or patients with benign gastric diseases: increased CEA concentrations and outputs in the gastric juice were observed in 54.5% and 40.1%, respectively, of the patients with early gastric cancer, and in 52.9% and 50.0%, respectively, of the patients with advanced gastric cancer. The gross type of gastric cancer had no influence on the gastric CEA level, but the CEA level in the gastric juice tended to be high when the tumors were large, or when they had little or no glandular structure or high mucus-secreting activity.

All possible stereoisomers of imine derivatives 1 ± 4, which have the characteristic roast odor of seafood, were synthesized. As a result of odor evaluation of all isomers, we found that each isomer has a different and characteristic odor of roasted seafood.Introduction. ± Imine derivatives 1 ± 4 have the characteristic roast odor of seafood.

The values of the cytologic features of individual cells and cellular patterns in aspirated materials in the diagnosis of 49 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were investigated. Excellent cytologic specimens were obtained by percutaneous aspiration biopsy with a heparinized fine 22-gauge needle. In the well-differentiated type of HCC, a correct diagnosis of malignancy was difficult from the cytologic features of individual cells because of their resemblance to normal hepatocytes. In contrast, in moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated types of HCC, a correct diagnosis of malignancy was easily made from the features of individual cells, but there was little or no cytologic evidence of the hepatic origin of the cells. Comparison of histologic and cytologic findings in aspirated materials obtained from the same patients showed that the cellular patterns seen in cytologic specimens faithfully reflected the histologic structures of HCC. Various characteristic cellular patterns were recognized only in specimens obtained from patients with HCC, but not in those from patients with benign liver diseases. These cellular patterns were very useful not only for diagnosis of malignancy, but also for identification of the hepatic origin of cells. A combination of the features of individual cells and of characteristic cellular patterns raised the diagnostic rates for well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated types of HCC to 90.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.

The endoscopic Congo red test combined with dyeing with methylene blue was performed in 85 patients with early gastric cancer (94 lesions). Results revealed that gastric cancer bleached the Congo red and methylene blue sprayed over their surface and this appeared in sharp contrast to the red‐colored mucosa of unaffected areas. Grossly, polypoid and flat types, and histologically differentiated adenocarcinomas bleached the dyes more frequently and more intensely than depressed and undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Thus the spread of cancerous growth could be judged rather accurately and so the target area could be reached by biopsy in cases where there were few if any visual signs of abnormality.