We studied the effects of TNF-converting enzyme inhibition with Y-41654, which down-regulates the production of soluble TNF-alpha (sTNF-alpha), on acute lung injury induced by intratracheal administration of LPS. We first verified in vitro that pretreatment of isolated alveolar macrophages from Sprague-Dawley male rats with 20 microL of 0.1-mM Y-41654, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the concentration of sTNF-alpha in cell supernatants induced by 10 microg/mL of LPS. We then studied four groups of rats (each n = 10) including 1) a control group, 2) an LPS group (300 microg /kg, instilled intratracheally), 3) a Y-41654 group, and 4) a treatment group treated with Y-41654 after LPS instillation. Y-41654, 10 mg/kg in 0.7 mL of phosphate-buffered saline, was administered (i.v.), 15 min before and 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 h after saline or LPS instillation. The animals were observed for 4 h. In the animals treated with Y-41654, the concentrations of sTNF-alpha and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the number of neutrophils in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower at 4 h than in the LPS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sTNF-alpha plays an important role in the development of acute lung injury induced by intratracheal administration of LPS, in part modulating neutrophil kinetics.
: A 9.0 magnitude (M) earthquake with an epicenter off the Sanriku coast occurred at 14 : 46 on March 11, 2011. TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (F -1 NPP) was struck by the earthquake and its resulting tsunami. Consequently a critical nuclear disaster developed, as a large quantity of radioactive materials was released due to a hydrogen blast. On March 16 th , 2011, radioiodine and radioactive cesium were detected at levels of 177 Bq/kg and 58 Bq/kg, respectively, in tap water in Fukushima city (about 62km northwest of TEPCO F -1 NPP). On March 20th, radioiodine was detected in tap water at a level of 965 Bq/kg, which is over the value -index of restrictions on food and drink intake (radioiodine 300 Bq/kg (infant intake 100 Bq/kg)) designated by the Nuclear Safety Commission. Therefore, intake restriction measures were taken regarding drinking water. After that, although the all intake restrictions were lifted, in order to confirm the safety of tap water, an inspection system was established to monitor all tap water in the prefecture. This system has confirmed that there has been no detection of radioiodine or radioactive cesium in tap water in the prefecture since
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.