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A competitive new technology, organic metallic halide perovskite solar cells feature a wide working area, low manufacturing costs, a long lifespan, and a significant amount of large efficacy of power conversion (PCE). The spin-coating technique was utilized for the fabrication of pure CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) thin films, and these films are implanted with 600 keV silver (Ag) ions at fluency rate of 6 × 1014 and 4 × 1014 ions/cm2. XRD analysis confirmed the cubic structure of MAPbBr3. A high grain size was observed at the fluency rate of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2. The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique was used to calculate the optical properties such as the bandgap energy (Eg), refractive index (n), extinction coefficients (k), and dielectric constant. A direct Eg of 2.44 eV was measured for the pristine film sample, whereas 2.32 and 2.36 eV were measured for Ag ion-implanted films with a 4 × 1014 and 6 × 1014 ions/cm2 fluence rate, respectively. The solar cells of these films were fabricated. The Jsc was 6.69 mA/cm2, FF was 0.80, Voc was 1.1 V, and the efficiency was 5.87% for the pristine MAPbBr3-based cell. All of these parameters were improved by Ag ion implantation. The maximum values were observed at a fluency rate of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2, where the Voc was 1.13 V, FF was 0.75, Jsc was 8.18 mA/cm2, and the efficiency was 7.01%.

Polymer nanocomposites films, based on sodium alginate (NaAlg) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and iron oxide nanorods (Fe 3 O 4 NRs) as nanofiller, were prepared by solution casting technique. Different techniques were used to describe the prepared films.XRD and FTIR were used to pinpoint the complexation of the nanofiller with the polymer mixture. The XRD investigation verified the existence of the crystalline peaks of ZnO/Fe 3 O 4 NPs in the polymeric matrices. The average particle size of nanocomposite was 23 nm. TEM image of the ZnO nanopowder confirming the spherical form of nanoparticles with average size 30 nm. The

A novel copper-zinc-manganese trimetal oxide nanocomposite was synthesized by the simple co-precipitation method for sensing glucose and methylene blue degradation. The absorption maximum was found by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis, and the bandgap was 4.32 eV. The formation of a bond between metal and oxygen was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The average crystallite size was calculated as 17.31 nm by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphology was observed as spherical by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. The elemental composition was determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) analysis. The oxidation state of the metals present in the nanocomposites was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the nanocomposite were 218 nm and −46.8 eV, respectively. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite was analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis. The synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated for the electrochemical glucose sensor. The nanocomposite shows 87.47% of degradation ability against methylene blue dye at a 50 µM concentration. The trimetal oxide nanocomposite shows potent activity against Escherichia coli. In addition to that, the prepared nanocomposite shows strong antioxidant application where scavenging activity was observed to be 76.58 ± 0.30, 76.89 ± 0.44, 81.41 ± 30, 82.58 ± 0.32, and 84.36 ± 0.09 % at 31, 62, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL, respectively. The results confirm the antioxidant potency of nanoparticles (NPs) was concentration dependent.

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This article reports the effect of n-type GaAs substrate orientation, namely (100), IntroductionEssentially conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN), poly(p-phenylene-vinylene), polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polythiophene, etc., are promising semiconductors materials with confirmed technological potential due to their unique optical and electrical properties [1]. Among the family of organic semiconductors, the semiconducting polymers have attracted the most attention for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices, particularly due to their exceptional electrical properties and easy synthesis [2][3][4]. As a result, this category of polymers has been used in several applications such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) [5,6], solar cells [7,8] As it is well known, the crystallographic orientation of the substrate has a significant effect on incorporation of impurities and defects and consequently on optical and electronic properties of III-V materials [28]. The ideality factor n and barrier height (BH) as well as the electrical characteristics are fundamental parameters of a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) and these give an indication about the quality of the Schottky interface. The SBD parameters must be determined over a broad range of temperatures because the analysis of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the SBD measured only at room temperature does not provide accurate information about the conduction mechanism and the barrier nature created at metal semiconductor interface in order to understand these phenomena and determine precisely the parameters of the Schottky diodes. Chand et al. [29] and Hardikar et al.[30] analysed the experimental currentvoltage data which revealed that there is an increase in the ideality factor and a decrease in the zero-bias barrier height with decreasing temperature. Consequently, the ideality factor and the barrier height established from forward I-V characteristics are found to be temperature dependent. This confirms that the Schottky barrier height is inhomogeneous in nature at the interface. This behaviour has been successfully described on the basis of the thermionic emission mechanism with Gaussian distribution of the barrier heightTo fabricate a hybrid organic/inorganic semiconductor heterojunction device with the aim to obtain specific optical and electrical properties on the bases of their doping levels, a thin organic film is deposited onto the surface of a conventional inorganic semiconductor substrate. This can be done by simple and inexpensive methods such as 4 spin coating used for thin film deposition at room temperature. Recently, a new technique of SPAN films preparation has been developed by Yang et al. [32].In this paper, we report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of Au/SPAN/GaAs heterojunctions grown on three different substrate orientations, namely n-type GaAs (100), (311)A and (311)B. We have investigated the effect of the substrate orientation on the heterojunction parameters ...

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