The Effect of 600 keV Ag Ion Irradiation on the Structural, Optical, and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbBr3 Films for Perovksite Solar Cell Applications

Abstract

A competitive new technology, organic metallic halide perovskite solar cells feature a wide working area, low manufacturing costs, a long lifespan, and a significant amount of large efficacy of power conversion (PCE). The spin-coating technique was utilized for the fabrication of pure CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) thin films, and these films are implanted with 600 keV silver (Ag) ions at fluency rate of 6 × 1014 and 4 × 1014 ions/cm2. XRD analysis confirmed the cubic structure of MAPbBr3. A high grain size was observed at the fluency rate of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2. The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique was used to calculate the optical properties such as the bandgap energy (Eg), refractive index (n), extinction coefficients (k), and dielectric constant. A direct Eg of 2.44 eV was measured for the pristine film sample, whereas 2.32 and 2.36 eV were measured for Ag ion-implanted films with a 4 × 1014 and 6 × 1014 ions/cm2 fluence rate, respectively. The solar cells of these films were fabricated. The Jsc was 6.69 mA/cm2, FF was 0.80, Voc was 1.1 V, and the efficiency was 5.87% for the pristine MAPbBr3-based cell. All of these parameters were improved by Ag ion implantation. The maximum values were observed at a fluency rate of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2, where the Voc was 1.13 V, FF was 0.75, Jsc was 8.18 mA/cm2, and the efficiency was 7.01%.

Impact of Ce doping on the optoelectronic and structural properties of a CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell

“…The calculated refractive indices n for optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, are important and may be evaluated by Lorentz classical theory: 46 It has been determined that the refractive index of cerium doped film (2.2 eV) is lower than that of pure film (2.1 eV). Furthermore, the refractive index of CsPbIBr 2 has been found to be 2.56, while that of 4% Ce-CsPbIBr 2 is 2.60.…”

“…k is the extinction coefficient and is calculated as follows: 46 Here, γ = −0.32 is the constant and “Δ χ *” is the electronegativity. The measured k values of pure CsPbIBr 2 and 4% Ce-CsPbIBr 2 were 2.162 and 2.159, respectively (Fig.…”

“…The values of e r and e i are calculated based on the provided relationships. 46 e r = n 2 À K 2 (9)…”

“…This procedure outlines the method for estimating the CB and VB edges of CsPbIBr 2 . 46 One cesium, one lead, two bromides, and one iodide atom make up CsPbIBr 2 . 50 Electron affinity of Cs = E EA = À45.…”

“…These calculations corresponded well to the literature that was accessible. 46 The solar cell's energy band structure is shown in Fig. 4.…”