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Synthesized GDP shows strong antimicrobial activity against P. acnes in vitro. The clinical improvement observed suggests a topical formulation containing the GDP has therapeutic potential for the improvement of inflammatory-type acne vulgaris by its antimicrobial activity.

This paper proposes a junction temperature estimation algorithm for the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based on a power loss calculation and a thermal impedance model for inverter systems. The Simulink model was designed to calculate the power losses of power semiconductor devices and to estimate the junction temperature with a simplified thermal impedance model. This model can estimate the junction temperature up to the transient state, including the steady state. The parameters used to calculate the power losses, the thermal resistance, and the thermal capacitance were optimized for a given inverter to be tested for improving the accuracy. The simulation results and experimental measurement data were compared to verify the proposed junction temperature estimation algorithm. Finally, the algorithm was installed on the inverter controller, and the performance was verified by comparing the real time estimation result with the measured temperature.

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Two algorithms have been extensively studied for motor control: Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC). Both control algorithms use a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) to drive a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). To prevent short-arm short-circuit accidents when driving PMSM using VSI, a dead time is used to turn off the TOP and BOTTOM switches of each arm at the same time. However, this dead-time technique causes an unexpected pole voltage to be applied to the PMSM on the VSI output voltage, causing distortion and resulting in control nonlinearity. The disturbance voltage that causes nonlinearity is difficult to measure directly with the sensor. Therefore, this paper analyzes the nonlinearity of the controller due to the distorted voltage caused by the dead time during PMSM operation using the DTC algorithm and predicts the distorted output voltage using the extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to improve control stability. As a result, The algorithm proposed in this paper has verified the improvement of torque ripple and stator flux ripple through experiments and simulations.

To detect the three-phase current in the complex plane of a DC link shunt inverter, an algorithm for restoring the current is required. In this paper, a method of dividing the detection voltage and the compensation voltage to match the output voltage as much as possible to reduce the total harmonic distortion while restoring the current is proposed. In addition, an overmodulation algorithm for a 12-step output, which corresponds to the largest voltage in a DC link shunt inverter, is proposed, and a current recovery method in the overmodulation region is proposed. To determine how to ensure a linear output voltage, the fundamental frequency of the output voltage is analyzed through a Fourier series, and a new voltage vector whose fundamental frequency amplitude is equal to the amplitude of the command voltage is calculated. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulation and experimentation. The output of a motor was increased by using overmodulation, and the harmonics of the current based on the output voltage were analyzed through a Fourier series.

When performing weak flux control to drive a permanent-magnet synchronous motor at high speed, the efficiency is lowered because the copper loss increases as the negative D-axis current increases. In addition, if the overmodulation index is slightly lowered and driven without setting it to the maximum value, the phase current ripple reduction effect can be expected compared to the six-step control. Therefore, if the motor is operated at a current point that can minimize the sum of copper loss and iron loss, the motor can be driven with maximum efficiency. In addition, if the overmodulation index is slightly lower than that of the six-step control, the phase current ripple can be reduced. This paper proposes a method for finding an overmodulation index to maximize driving efficiency when driving a motor based on the magnetic flux–torque command. In addition, an algorithm for driving a motor with maximum efficiency by applying an optimal overmodulation index table is proposed. Based on the MATLAB Simulink simulation, the efficiency change characteristics according to the overmodulation index change are reviewed, and the efficiency improvement and current ripple reduction effects are verified through a dynamometer experiment.

In this study, a low-voltage three-phase inverter was used alongside a shunt resistor to measure the current. However, it is known that this type of inverter and shunt resistor system has a region where the measurement of current is impossible due to structural limitations. As a result, many studies have focused on this region through the use of additional algorithms. Most studies measured current by forcibly adjusting the PWM duty in order to measure the current at the region where it could not be sensed. However, unfortunately, the total harmonic distortion (THD) increases in the current due to PWM adjustment. This causes an increase in torque ripple and inverter control instability. Therefore, in this paper, current was measured using the Rds(on) value between the drain source resistor when MOSFET was turned on and the Kalman filter in a low-voltage three-phase inverter with a single shunt. Additionally, the value was verified via comparison with the values achieved when a Hall-type current sensor and single shunt were used. As a result, this study confirmed that the inverter with a single shunt performs the same as a Hall-type sensor at the region where current cannot be detected.