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The electrolytic analog transistor is an operating model of the junction transistor which substitutes the reduced and oxidized forms of ions in solution for electrons and holes in a semiconductor. A base electrode makes a low-resistance contact to the solution and also serves to maintain the ratio of oxidized and reduced ions at an equilibrium v~lue, ~us establishing the potential of the solution. In P-N-P operation, a polarizable metal electrode (the er~lltter~ l~ held a.t such a potent!al a~ove the base electrode that the majority ions, the reduced form, are readIly OXidIzed at Its surface. An Identical electrode, the collector, is placed within a few ten.ths o! a millimeter of t~e emit~er. It is biased in such a way that the minority ions (the oxidized form) w.hlch diffuse from the em;tter to Its surface are reduced. Utilizing several oxidation-reduction couples and different ba~ electrodes, It l)as been found that values of a= -(Ole/aI,)v e in the neighborhood of unity can be obtamed. Because of the relatively low mobilities of ions in solution, the device operates only at low frequencies. The device may also have some application as a constant current element in transistor bias circuits.

An accurate determination of the self-diffusion coefficient in germanium has been obtained. In the temperature range 766-928°C, it is represented by Z>=7.8 exp( -68 500/RT) cm 2 sec. The probable errors in the frequency factor and activation energy are ±3.4 cm 2 /sec and ±0.96 kcal/mol, respectively.

Stilbene, anthracene, and 9-anisylidenefiuorene are reduced stepwise polarographi-cally in anhydrous acetonitrile and in dimethylformamide. Triphenylethylene, tetra-phenylethylene, styrene, and 1,1-diphenylethylene give only one reduction wave. Large-scale electrolytic reductions in these solvents indicate that carbanion inter-mediates exist for a short period of time. 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylbutane and meso-diphenyl succinic acid have been prepared electrolytically from stilbene in dimethylformamide.

A polarographio study of several inorganic and organic substances was carried out in formamide-acetamide mixtures. It was found that the Em values obtained in these mixtures are in good agreement with those obtained in pure formamide.Exceptional behavior is described in which extreme departure of (is/Cfy1/2 values from their predicted linearity was observed

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The very strong 1560-cm−1 band of the N-substituted amide group has been assigned previously either to ν(C–N) or to δ(N–H). This investigation consisted of a study of the frequency shifts of this and other bands in the infrared spectra of several N-butyl- and N,N-dibutyl-ethanamides upon substitution of chlorine and fluorine in the 2 position. On the basis of these shifts and other properties of the band in question, observed in the spectra both of the pure compounds and of their CCl4 solutions, it is concluded that the ν(C–N) assignment is correct. The apparent absence of the corresponding band from the spectrum of the N,N-disubstituted amide group is explained by the accidental degeneracy of ν(C=O) and ν(C–N). Other bands were cataloged and assigned where possible.

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