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Stilbene, anthracene, and 9-anisylidenefiuorene are reduced stepwise polarographi-cally in anhydrous acetonitrile and in dimethylformamide. Triphenylethylene, tetra-phenylethylene, styrene, and 1,1-diphenylethylene give only one reduction wave. Large-scale electrolytic reductions in these solvents indicate that carbanion inter-mediates exist for a short period of time. 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylbutane and meso-diphenyl succinic acid have been prepared electrolytically from stilbene in dimethylformamide.

A polarographio study of several inorganic and organic substances was carried out in formamide-acetamide mixtures. It was found that the Em values obtained in these mixtures are in good agreement with those obtained in pure formamide.Exceptional behavior is described in which extreme departure of (is/Cfy1/2 values from their predicted linearity was observed

The very strong 1560-cm−1 band of the N-substituted amide group has been assigned previously either to ν(C–N) or to δ(N–H). This investigation consisted of a study of the frequency shifts of this and other bands in the infrared spectra of several N-butyl- and N,N-dibutyl-ethanamides upon substitution of chlorine and fluorine in the 2 position. On the basis of these shifts and other properties of the band in question, observed in the spectra both of the pure compounds and of their CCl4 solutions, it is concluded that the ν(C–N) assignment is correct. The apparent absence of the corresponding band from the spectrum of the N,N-disubstituted amide group is explained by the accidental degeneracy of ν(C=O) and ν(C–N). Other bands were cataloged and assigned where possible.