Orong-orong atau anjing tanah (<em>Gryllotalpa hirsuta</em>) merupakan salah satu organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) penting pada tanaman kentang yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi kentang. Sampai saat ini upaya pengendalian masih bergantung pada penggunaan insektisida yang mempunyai spektrum lebar (<em>broad spectrum</em>) salah satunya adalah karbofuran. Penggunaan insektisida karbofuran yang intensif dapat mengurangi populasi musuh alami di lapangan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan insektisida karbofuran terhadap kerusakan dan kehilangan hasil kentang akibat serangan hama <em>G. hirsuta</em> dan dampaknya terhadap keanekaragaman Artropoda tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang pada dua musim tanam yaitu musim kemarau (2012) dan musim penghujan (2013). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak berpasangan (<em>paired treatments</em>) terdiri atas dua perlakuan yaitu petak yang diaplikasikan dengan menggunakan karbofuran (30 kg/ha) dan tanpa perlakuan. Tiap perlakuan diulang lima kali. Keanekaragaman Artropoda tanah diamati dengan menggunakan <em>pitfall trap</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangan <em>G. hirsuta</em> pada tanaman kentang di musim kemarau dan musim penghujan dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil masing-masing sebesar 22,42% dan 12,07%. Penggunaan insektisida karbofuran mampu menekan kerusakan umbi kentang sebesar 56,79–58,38%. Namun demikian, penggunaan insektisida karbofuran dapat mengurangi kelimpahan populasi Artropoda tanah sebesar 30,67–34,32%. Indeks keragaman Artropoda tanah pada komunitas kentang di Lembang sangat rendah dengan nilai H’ = 0,698 dan H’ = 0,647. Kelimpahan predator seperti laba-laba sangat dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan insektisida karbofuran. Oleh sebab itu aplikasi karbofuran harus dikurangi untuk melestarikan keberadaan predator pada komunitas kentang
<p>Minyak atsiri yang berasal dari tanaman adalah salah satu bahan yang dapat berfungsi seperti fumigan dan mempunyai prospek untuk digunakan dalam melindungi produk yang disimpan di gudang penyimpanan. Minyak atsiri harus mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengusir serangga hama agar serangga tidak masuk ke dalam umbi bawang merah yang disimpan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap aktivitas biologi serangga dewasa dan larva hama gudang bawang <em>Ephestia cautella</em>. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2012 pada temperatur 27± 2C dan kelembaban 75–80%. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahapan kegiatan. Penelitian pertama untuk mengetahui repelensi minyak atsiri terhadap serangga dewasa <em>E. cautella</em>, penelitian kedua untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap penghambatan peneluran imago betina <em>E. cautella</em>, penelitian ketiga untuk mengetahui repelensi larva <em>E. cautella</em> terhadap minyak atsiri, dan penelitian keempat untuk mengetahui pengaruh atsiri terhadap indeks nutrisi larva <em>E. cautella</em> instar-3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah rancangan acak kelompok terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode pencelupan (<em>dipping methods</em>). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa minyak <em>eucalyptus</em> memiliki persentase repelensi imago <em>E. cautella</em> tertinggi mencapai 46% pada 24 jam setelah aplikasi. Penghambatan peneluran <em>E. cautella</em> pada semua perlakuan minyak atsiri menunjukkan persentase lebih dari 75% dan tidak berbeda nyata tetapi minyak atsiri kayu manis memiliki nilai persentase penghambatan peneluran tertinggi mencapai 85,23%. Perlakuan minyak atsiri akar wangi pada pengamatan repelensi larva <em>E. cautella</em> menunjukkan persentase tertinggi (50%) dengan kelas repelensi 3. Pengaruh minyak atsiri jeruk purut terhadap indeks nutrisi larva <em>E.cautella</em> menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri ini dibandingkan dengan minyak atsiri lainnya, mampu menghambat penyerapan nutrisi larva sehingga dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan larva, dengan nilai laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR) 0,11 mg/mg/hari. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah dapat menambah informasi tentang kemampuan minyak atsiri dari bahan <em>eucalyptus</em>, serai wangi, akar wangi, kayu manis, dan jeruk purut sebagai sumber insektisida alami yang dapat digunakan secara aman, murah, dan ramah lingkungan dalam upaya pengendalian hama gudang bawang merah <em>E. cautella</em>. </p>
Garlic is usually propagated asexually from the cloves. Clove as the propagation source for garlic has many weaknesses. Alternatively, bulbils could be used for the propagation. The aim of this study was to know the effect of temperature and time of vernalization from several clones of Indonesian garlic to bulbil production. This research was conducted at a farmer’s field at Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design with three factors: temperature of vernalization, i.e., 0, 5, and 10°C, duration of vernalization, i.e., 20, 40, and 60 days, and on 12 garlic varieties/clones (V1–V12). Cloves of garlic were vernalized in cold storage according to the treatments and then planted in the field. The results revealed that a temperature of 5°C and duration of 20 days of vernalization independently single factor increased the number of bulbils of V3. Bulbil variables of V4 and V7 were enhanced with vernalization at 0°C for 20 days, although it did not significantly differ from the control. Therefore, these clones do not need particular vernalization treatment in order to produce bulbils.
In Indonesia, the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is popular. Unfortunately, its current productivity is lower than its potential yield. The low productivity is due to the cultivation methods or varieties used in the field. Seaweed is a known bio-stimulant and combining it with a microbial consortium could be an effective way to boost crop productivity. The goal of this study was to examine how a combination of bio stimulants enriched with a microbial consortium can affect the productivity of two chili varieties, Tanjung-2 and Ciko. The experiment used a complete randomized block design with a single factor, namely a combination of bio-stimulants (B1-B6). In comparison to other formulas, the bio-stimulant B4 formula was found to be the most effective. Keywords: bio stimulant; chili; endophytic microbial consortium; seaweed
Utilization of synthetic pesticide seems up to now remains to be one of the methods in controlling pest and plant disease because it plays a role in determining the quality and quantity of the crops. Improver of synthetic pesticide in agriculture can adversely affect the ecosystem such as water and soil pollution. The occurrence of pest resistance, the outbreak of secondary pest, the resurgence of pest, the death of predators, the residue of pesticide in food, and the pesticide residue that affects man's health. Although it has been widely known that pesticide has a bad impact on the environment, the use of pesticide is still needed in agricultural practice. Its use needs to pay attention to the concept of Integrated Pest Management in which the use of pesticide is only made when it is absolutely necessary, that is, when the population of pest increases and lies above one level of the pest population, the Economic Threshold (Untung, 1993). To know the safety level of pesticide, evaluation of toxicity of a pesticide is needed and it is commonly tested in the animal of high level. This is done in such a way that the toxicity and safety level of the pesticide can be known by farmers, users of pesticide, and the environment. Based on the information on the toxicity level, it is expected that the steps of environmental management can be taken to minimize the negative impact of pesticide. The effort of minimizing the negative impact of pesticide can be done in a variety of ways. For example, the direction was given to the users in terms of giving the dosage, application time, safe working procedure, choosing pesticide with the precise target, choosing a pesticide that can decompose easily, application target, a time before harvest, tool and exact application technique, keeping as small pollution as possible. In the future, it is hoped that the use of pesticide will decrease and will be more selective, and supported by new inventions in the technology of processing pesticide disposal and the technology of utilizing botanical pesticide which is all expected to be effective in overcoming the disturbance of pest and plant disease at the same time minimizing environmental degradation.
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