Taro or Satoimo (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott var antiquorum) is an alternative of non-rice food. To support saitomo mass cultivation in several regions in Indonesia, shoot multiplication and induction of satoimo microtuber through in vitro technique is amongst the stage to be undertaken. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of BAP (benzylaminopurine) and sucrose for shoot multiplication and microtuber induction of in vitro culture of satoimo. The experiment was arranged in two factors: BAP (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L) and sucrose (30, 60, 90 and 120 g/L). The result showed that the single effect of BAP or sucrose and interaction of both significantly increased the number of shoots. The effect of 2 mg/L BAP was more homogeneous than that of 1 and 3 mg/L BAP. Sucrose with the concentration of 30 g/L was the best concentration for shoot multiplication. The highest number of microtuber was achieved with 2 mg/L BAP + 30 g/L sucrose treatments, but tended to decrease due to increasing sucrose concentration. In 2 and 3 mg/L BAP treatments, the number of microtuber increased along with the increasing sucrose concentration.Keywords: satoimo, in vitro shoot, microtuber, benzylaminopurine, sucrose ABSTRAKSatoimo (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott var antiquorum) merupakan bahan pangan alternatif non-beras. Untuk mendukung produksi massal satoimo di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, multiplikasi tunas dan induksi umbi mikro secara in vitro merupakan tahapan yang harus dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh BAP dan sukrosa terhadap multiplikasi tunas dan induksi umbi mikro satoimo dalam kultur in vitro. Perlakuan terdiri dari 4 taraf konsentrasi BAP (0, 1, 2 dan 3 mg/L) dan 4 taraf konsentrasi sukrosa (30, 60, 90 dan 120 g/L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BAP dan sukrosa secara tunggal serta interaksinya berpengaruh nyata terhadap multiplikasi tunas in vitro. Pengaruh konsentrasi BAP 2 mg/L lebih homogen dibandingkan perlakuan BAP 1 dan 3 mg/L. Sukrosa 30 g/L merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas. Umbi mikro terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan BAP 1 mg/L + sukrosa 30 g/L tetapi cenderung mengalami penurunan jika konsentrasi sukrosa dinaikkan pada konsentrasi BAP tetap. Pada perlakuan BAP 2 dan 3 mg/L jumlah umbi mikro yang terbentuk cenderung meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi sukrosa.Kata kunci: satoimo, tunas in vitro, umbi mikro, benzilaminopurin, sukrosa

Garlic is usually propagated asexually from the cloves. Clove as the propagation source for garlic has many weaknesses. Alternatively, bulbils could be used for the propagation. The aim of this study was to know the effect of temperature and time of vernalization from several clones of Indonesian garlic to bulbil production. This research was conducted at a farmer’s field at Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design with three factors: temperature of vernalization, i.e., 0, 5, and 10°C, duration of vernalization, i.e., 20, 40, and 60 days, and on 12 garlic varieties/clones (V1–V12). Cloves of garlic were vernalized in cold storage according to the treatments and then planted in the field. The results revealed that a temperature of 5°C and duration of 20 days of vernalization independently single factor increased the number of bulbils of V3. Bulbil variables of V4 and V7 were enhanced with vernalization at 0°C for 20 days, although it did not significantly differ from the control. Therefore, these clones do not need particular vernalization treatment in order to produce bulbils.

Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba) merupakan salah satu hjauan pakan tenak yang potensialuntuk dikembangkan. Perbanyakan vegetatif dengan stek batang merupakan salah satu alternatif perbanyakanyang memiliki keunggulan dapat dilakukan secara cepat oleh masyarakat dan memliki sifat yang sama denganinduknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui umur fisiologis dan jenis zat pengatur tumbuhyang terbaik untuk keberhasilan stek tanaman lamtoro. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dua faktor perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama umur fisilogis batang terdiri atas tigataraf yaitu pangkal, tengah dan bagian atas (ujung) batang. Faktor kedua penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuhyang digunakan yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu: tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA),?-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) dan root up. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umur fisiologis batang dan zatpengatur tumbuh berpengaruh nyata terhadap keberhasilan stek lamtoro, namun interaksi antara keduafaktor perlakuan tidak terdapat pengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yang diamati. Keberhasilan stek daribatang bagian pangkal (88,10%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan batang bagian tengah dan ujung masing-masing82,14% dan 35,71%. Penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh IBA, NAA dan Root Up memberikan persentase steklamtoro hidup yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa penggunaan zat pengatur Kata kunci: auksin, leguminosa, Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba, perbanyakan vegetatif, umurfisiologis

Salinity stress has negative effects on plants physiologically as well as lowering productivity. Application of microbial inoculant as seed treatment is one of the bio-techniques that have proved to be efficient in enhancing salinity resilience in agriculture, especially for seedling development. This study aims to determine the effect of inoculation of halotolerant bacteria consortium on the development of maize seedlings under saline stress. The experiment used four different bacterial consortia namely B5 (two species of phosphate solubilizing bacteria); B6 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and ACC deaminase producing bacteria); B7 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and B9 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ACC deaminase producing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria). The salinity stress was conducted by adding NaCl with a concentration of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM to the Hoagland nutrient solution as a germination medium. The inoculation bacteria increased the root length, root number, shoot length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content of Pioneer maize seedling up to 25% at salinity stress treatment 150 mM NaCl. The highest increase in seedlings growth parameters was observed on seedlings inoculated by B5, B7, and B9 under a salinity treatment of 150 mM.

The extraction process in herbal plants maintains the quality of herb extracts by reducing the water content to prevent the growth of microorganisms and minimize the alteration of metabolites in plants. In this study, we investigate the effect of drying methods and incubation temperature on the flavonoid content of Phyllanthus niruri. Herb samples were fresh, oven-dried, and air-dried. Air-dried sample produced the highest total flavonoid level compared to other drying methods incubating at -20 degrees Celcius and 27-30 degrees Celcius. Air-dried samples incubated at room temperature had the highest total flavonoid content compared to other methods, followed by oven-dried and fresh samples. Fresh samples produced the highest yield compared to other drying methods on incubation at room temperature and -20 degrees Celcius. Various drying methods show a similar result of total flavonoids on incubation at -20 degrees Celsius, despite air-dried samples having the highest flavonoid content. Incubation temperatures have no significant difference in yield and flavonoid content, but the drying method shows otherwise. There is no interaction between the drying method and incubation temperature. Air-dried and oven-dried samples incubated at room temperature produce higher yield and flavonoid content than those incubated at -20 degrees Celcius, having a similar pattern.

Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala L.) merupakan salah satu pakan berserat yang digunakan untuk memenuhikebutuhan pakan ternak dengan edible portion berupa daun dan batang muda. Setiap daerah memilikikeragaman morfologi serta potensi hasil lamtoro yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipotensi beberapa aksesi lamtoro sebagai hijauan makanan ternak berdasarkan keragaan morfologi sertabobot edible portion. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga taraf perlakuanaksesi lamtoro (NTT, Yogyakarta, Serpong) dan delapan ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaperlakuan aksesi lamtoro berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, bobot basah dan bobotkering edible portion. Berdasarkan keragaan morfologi tanaman diketahui bahwa aksesi Serpong dapatdigunakan sebagai sumber HMT untuk pemberian pakan dengan bantuan manusia, sedangkan aksesi NTT dan Yogyakarta berpotensi sebagai HMT untuk ternak gembalaan.Kata kunci: aksesi lamtoro, HMT, potensi hasil