In our screening of Indonesian microorganisms for novel bioactive natural products we have isolated seven new compounds, designated as limazepines A, B1 and B2 (isolated as an isomeric mixture), C, D, E, and F, from the culture broth of Micrococcus sp. strain ICBB 8177. In addition, the known natural products prothracarcin and 7-O-succinylmacrolactin A, as well as two previously reported synthetic compounds, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester and 4-ethylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, were obtained from the extract. Chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with the NMR data of structurally related compounds. The limazepines belong to the growing group of the pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotics isolated from various soil bacteria. Limazepines B1/B2 mixture, C, and E were active against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Limazepine D was also active against S. aureus, but was not active against E. coli. Interestingly, only the limazepines B1/B2 mixture and D were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Six new angucyclinone polyketides named panglimycins A-F were isolated together with the three known metabolites (+)-fujianmycin A, (+)-ochromycinone, and emycin C from the bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of the Indonesian Streptomyces strain ICBB8230. The new compounds are highly oxygenated angucyclinones that appear to be biosynthetically derived from ochromycinone or fujianmycin. Their structures were determined by X-ray crystal analysis, interpretation of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra, and comparison of the data with those of structurally related known natural products. Despite structural similarities to angucyclinones with antibiotic activities, the panglimycins did not exhibit any growth inhibition when tested against several bacteria and fungi.

In Java and Kalimantan in Indonesia, river water plays important roles in human life; for example, for transportation, and economic activities of the inhabitants. However, industrial, agricultural and domestic water is discarded into rivers directly in many developing countries, including Indonesia, since drainage systems have not been completely constructed. In this study, to evaluate the water quality and to compare those levels of environmental contaminants in developing and developed countries, water quality and contents of endocrine disrupters were measured in a total of 64 water samples (Indonesia; 28 samples and Japan; 36 samples) from 53 sites. The results indicated that, rivers in both capital cities, Jakarta and Tokyo, were contaminated. Water in rivers in Indonesia was not so heavily polluted as in Japan. Pollution in the river water in Indonesia appeared to be caused by the lack of sewerage systems. In addition, the findings on endocrine disrupters indicated that the concentration of alkylphenol in water samples was large enough to affect living organisms.

Two Indonesian Streptomyces strains, ICBB8309 and ICBB8415, were investigated for their ability to produce antibiotic compounds. In addition to the known antibiotics actiphenol, naramycin B, and sabaramycin, six new angucyclinones were identified. The isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities for the six new compounds are presented. The angucyclinones 7-deoxo-6-deoxy-7-hydroxy-8-O-methylrabelomycin, 1-deoxo-1-hydroxy-8-O-methylrabelomycin, and the angucycline 7-deoxo-7-hydroxy-1-O-a -rhamnosyl-8-Omethyltetrangulol have common angular backbones, while angucyclinone C, limamycin A, and limamycin B appear to be rearranged angucyclinones.

Algae blooms have been recorded in Lake Maninjau in November 2000, October 2011 and recently on April 2018. These blooms were indicated by green scum formation on the lake surface with a very high chlorophyll-a concentration, as high as > 100 µg-L. We determined the characteristics of phytoplankton composition and abundance including environmental conditions during cyanobacterial blooms and non-cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Maninjau. During cyanobacterial blooms, phytoplankton were dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa with a maximum abundance of 24,320 x 103 individual L-1 (94.4 % of the total assemblage). While during the non-blooming period, cyanobacteria species were more diverse, represented by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaea affinis, Aphanizomeon sp, Planktolyngbya sp. and Chroococcus sp. Diatom (Synedra ulna) generally occurred in all conditions, however, desmids (green algae) disappeared during cyanobacteria blooms. It is highlighted that the occurrence of Microcystis blooms can be related to total phosphorous dynamics in the lake.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ukuran-ukuran tubuh sapi Krui jantan dan betina di Kabupaten Pesisir Barat provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada November-Desember 2016. Sampel yang diamati sebanyak 55 ekor sapi jantan dan 71 ekor sapi betina. Metode survey digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dan sampel tersebut ditentukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji t. Peubah yang diamati meliputi bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan tinggi pundak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rata-rata bobot badan sapi Krui jantan dan betina poel 0 (125,4±117 kg), poel 1 (148,6±136,2 kg), poel 2 (189,6±176,1 kg), poel 3 (234,5±208,4 kg), lingkar dada poel 0 (118±110 cm), poel 1 (132,9±128,3 cm), poel 2 (134,5±129,5 cm), poel 3 (137±130,3 cm), panjang badan poel 0 (103±97,2 cm), poel 1 (110,3±104,1 cm), poel 2 (124,6±109,8 cm) poel 3 (133,6±127,4 cm), sedangkan rata-rata tinggi pundak poel 0 (91,3±86,7 cm), poel 1 (102,5±97,8 cm), poel 2 (105,1±101,1 cm), poel 3 (113±104,7 cm). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan tinggi pundak sapi Krui jantan dan betina pada kelompok umur yang sama menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05). AbstractThis research was aimed to determine the measurement of male and famale Krui cattles in west Pesisir district Lampung Province. This research was conducted in November up to December 2016. The samples that observed were about 55 male cattles and 71 female cattles. The survey method was In this research, and those samples were determined by using purposive sampling. Data Were analyzed by t test. The observed variables include body weight, chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height. The results showed that the average body weight of male and female Krui permanent teeth of 0 the average shoulder level is permanent teeth of 0 pair (91.3 ± 86.7 cm), permanent teeth of 1 pairs (102,5 ± 97.8 cm), permanent teeth of 2 pairs (105.1 ± 101.1 cm), permanent teeth of 3 pairs (113 ± 104.7 cm). The results of this research show that body weight, chest circumference, body length, high shoulders of male and famale Krui cattles in the same age group showed significant difference (P<0,05).

This study aims to explore groups of intellectual capital items that can measure well the values of company intellectual capital, especially SMEs in Padang. Then developed an intellectual capital model that can be implemented for SME's, especially in Padang. The population in this study is all micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that are under the guidance of the Cooperative and MSME Office in Padang. In 2017 there were 2,953 MSMEs spread across 11 sub-districts in Padang City. The number of samples was determined through a purposive technique and a proportional sampling area cluster, so that a sample of 341 people was obtained. The data collection technique in this study was used a questionnaire using Intellectual capital dimensions and sub dimensions. Techniques analysis of data in this study used confirmatory analysis (CFA). From the results of data processing the results obtained, that; Of the total 29 items of intellectual capital tested, only 22 items can be used to measure the dimensions of intellectual capital at SMEs, especially in Padang. Where for the human capital dimensions is measured by 7 statement items, for the customer capital dimensions there are 3 statement items. Next there are 12 statement items to measure structural capital.