Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, is a high producer of beauvericin (BEA). BEA is a proven and useful compound as a mycoinsecticide for plant pest control and a potential antifungal and anticancer agent for human. BEA produced by Beauveria bassiana fungi, mainly found as an intracellular product, means its production is dependent on the growth of the fungi in the culture medium. This study investigated four culture mediums and two incubation times to enhance growth and BEA production by Beauveria bassiana isolated from the infected insects in Kediri and Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia. The four culture mediums were Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), Yeast and Malt Extract Broth (YMB), Malt Extract Broth (MB), and Fusarium Defined Medium (FDM), and two incubation times were 6 and 12 days. The biomass and BEA production were studied in a batch culture without agitation. Our data shows that YMB was the optimum culture medium to produce high biomass of the fungal mycelium in both strains for 6 and 12 days of incubation. However, instead of in YMB, the highest BEA production for both strains was obtained from Beauveria bassiana grown in PDB for 6 days and in MB for 12 days. Correlation between biomass and BEA production in every culture medium is then calculated to see the BEA specific production. The highest BEA specific production has resulted from Beauveria bassiana grown for 12 days in MB medium with BEA yield was 103,42 mg/L and 237,49 mg/L for strain Kediri and Mojokerto, respectively.

Maize hybridization system would help Indonesia to become a maize exporter. But the development of maize hybrids in Indonesia is seemed too slow, this impacting in national maize production, which was only 13 million ton per year in 2003. In 2009, the maize hybrid has been planted in about 54% of maize yields. Fertilizing maize is on the most essential and critical parts about growing maize. The objective of the study was to obtain the maximum dosage of composed fertilizer for the highest productivity among four hybrids maize variety in dependingsoil type. The result showed that the prospecting hybrid variety of BI-1 has a maximum production yield of 7.7 ton/ha at the level of fertilizer 1,200 kg/ha and it was only 6.3 ton per ha at zero level fertilizer. Amount of 7.4 ton/ha was achieved by BI-3 maize hybrid at the level of 1,200 kg/ha fertilizer, where those only 5.8 ton/ha at the zero level of fertilizer. The highest productivity was archived by BI-4 where it was 7.1 ton/ha at zero level fertilizer and the highest production yield of 9.2 ton/ha at 900kg/ha of fertilizer, but it was decrease at the level of 1,200 kg/ha fertilizer. Maize variety of DK979 achieved highest productivity of 8.6 ton/ha at 1,200 kg/ha fertilizer and 5.8 ton/ha at zero level fertilizer.

This research studied the growth, quantity and quality of ginger rhizome under drought stress condition. The drought stress condition was 60% of soil field capacity. This experiment was arranged in randomized complete block designed. The treatments were drought stress periods (6, 4, 2 and 0 week before harvesting) with six replications. The result showed that drought stress period affected the quantity (rhizome dry weight) and quality (gingerol content) of ginger. Rhizome dry weight was decreased with the increase of drought stress period, while gingerol content showed opposite trend.

Informasi sumber daya lahan berupa data digital merupakan salah satu data yang menjadi pertimbangan utama pembuat kebijakan dalam menentukan arah pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Sebagai negara agraris, pelayanan informasi mengenai produktivitas lahan yang cepat dan akurat diperlukan untuk memantau pemanfaatan lahan di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya penyediaan informasi produktivitas lahan adalah melalui implementasi teknologi 4.0 di sektor pertanian. Artificial intelligence (AI) merupakan teknologi utama yang mendukung implementasi teknologi 4.0. Keberadaan AI dinilai sangat potensial dan prospektif untuk memantau lahan pertanian produktif di Indonesia. Pengembangan Pesawat Udara Nir Awak (PUNA) Alap-Alap yang dilengkapi dengan muatan sensor kamera berpotensi diaplikasikan sebagai teknologi AI untuk pemetaan lahan pertanian produktif. Sensor kamera PUNA Alap-Alap berkemampuan 24 Mega Pixel mampu mendapatkan data kondisi lahan pertanian bahkan kondisi tanaman atau vegetasi yang tumbuh di lahan pertanian. Penggunaan sensor kamera mempunyai kelebihan dibandingkan sensor satelit yaitu tidak terkendala tutupan awan, data yang diperoleh realtime dan mempunyai akurasi yang sangat baik. PUNA Alap-Alap menawarkan solusi alternatif untuk melakukan indraja dalam mendukung kegiatan pertanian. Salah satu kelebihan teknologi ini adalah biaya operasional relatif murah dan pengaturan operasi fleksibel sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga operasional PUNA Alap-Alap untuk menghasilkan gambar orthopoto di lahan pertanian produktif cukup efesien. Data akurasi yang dihasilkan oleh PUNA Alap-Alap yaitu Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) 10 cm/pixel dengan sapuan pengambilan data pemetaan 1700 Ha per jam pada ketinggian terbang 1500 ft. Kelebihan lain adalah PUNA Alap-Alap mampu terbang secara mandiri selama 6 jam tanpa henti, hal ini memungkinkan data pemetaan yang diperoleh mempunyai kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik.

Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala L.) merupakan salah satu pakan berserat yang digunakan untuk memenuhikebutuhan pakan ternak dengan edible portion berupa daun dan batang muda. Setiap daerah memilikikeragaman morfologi serta potensi hasil lamtoro yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipotensi beberapa aksesi lamtoro sebagai hijauan makanan ternak berdasarkan keragaan morfologi sertabobot edible portion. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga taraf perlakuanaksesi lamtoro (NTT, Yogyakarta, Serpong) dan delapan ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaperlakuan aksesi lamtoro berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, bobot basah dan bobotkering edible portion. Berdasarkan keragaan morfologi tanaman diketahui bahwa aksesi Serpong dapatdigunakan sebagai sumber HMT untuk pemberian pakan dengan bantuan manusia, sedangkan aksesi NTT dan Yogyakarta berpotensi sebagai HMT untuk ternak gembalaan.Kata kunci: aksesi lamtoro, HMT, potensi hasil

No abstract

Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov) is an important forage containing high crude protein for livestock. Molecular analysis of kikuyu relies on high yields of pure DNA and suitable PCR conditions. This research aimed to extract DNA from kikuyu based on weight of the sample and amplify the DNA of Burangrang accession using specific primers. 100 grams and 200 grams leaves of 3 accessions of kikuyu from Burangrang, Bukit Tunggul, and Tangkuban Perahu were extracted by Qiagen Mini Kit Plant. Concentration and purity of DNA were analyzed by NanoDrop Spectrophotometer 2000. DNA from Burangrang accession was amplified using six specific primers at different annealing temperatures. The result showed that the yield of DNA ranged 2.2 µg/µl to 21.4 µg/µl and the purity (ratio) were 1.08 to 2.01. Bukit Tunggul and Burangrang accession showed the same interaction pattern on the sample weight for concentration and purity. One hundred grams of leaves from Burangrang accession produce the highest concentration and the best purity of DNA, but no difference between other weight and accession. Reproducible amplifiable products were observed in all PCR reactions except primer K2. These results indicated that optimized protocol is suitable for further work on molecular identification of kikuyu.

In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration of Three Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)ABSTRACTAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable plant as a source of food for animal, forage, pharmaceutical, medicine, food supplement, and human consumption.  In vitro selection technology combined with induction or spontaneous mutagenesis has been effective in altering or isolating genetic variability for desirable characters.  Consequently, a reproducible in vitro propagation technique of that plant is mandatory. The aim of the research was to obtain information on the embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and plantlet regeneration of three varieties of alfalfa. The results showed that an optimum embryogenic callus induction (82%) was obtained on Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin and 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Those embryogenic calli could subsequently develop into somatic embryos, which germinated and regenerated into normal plantlets on R1 medium consisting of MS nutrients without the addition of plant growth regulator.Keywords: alfalfa, callus, embryogenic, plantlets, regeneration ABSTRAKAlfalfa (Medicago sativa) adalah tanaman berharga sebagai sumber makanan untuk hewan, yaitu hijauan pakan ternak, farmasi, obat-obatan, suplemen makanan dan konsumsi manusia. Teknologi seleksi in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan induksi atau mutagenesis spontan telah terbukti efektif dalam mengubah atau mengisolasi variabilitas genetik untuk karakter yang diinginkan. Oleh sebab itu, keberhasilan teknik perbanyakan in vitro yang telah terbukti dapat direproduksi dari tanaman tersebut menjadi syarat yang harus terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai induksi kalus embriogenik, embriogenesis somatik dan regenerasi planlet dari tiga varietas alfalfa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kalus embriogenik optimal (82%) didapat pada media Murashige & Skoog (MS) dengan  2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin dan 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Kalus embriogenik tersebut dapat membentuk embrio somatik, embrionya berkecambah dan beregenerasi membentuk planlet normal pada perlakuan media R1 yaitu nutrisi MS tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh.Kata Kunci: alfalfa, embriogenik, kalus, planlet, regenerasi