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Conclusions. Infiltration and activation of eosinophils is a characteristic of nasal polyposis. Allergic reaction is a risk factor for the accumulation of eosinophils in this disease. T-cell-derived interleukin 5 (IL-5) and autosecretion of IL-5 from activated eosinophils may be causative reasons for the extension and persistence of eosinophil inflammation. Objectives. To investigate whether eosinophils were accumulated and activated in nasal polyposis, and the roles of IL-5, eotaxin, and T cells in this process. Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 17 tissue samples from patients with nasal polyposis with allergy and 26 cases of non-allergic polyposis. Immunohistochemical staining by specific antibodies was carried out using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method and the avidin-biotin complex technique.Results. The number of EG1-positive cells (pan eosinophil marker) was similar to the number of EG2-positive cells (activated eosinophil marker) in all tissue samples, although EG1- and EG2-positive cells were richer in allergic patients than those in non-allergic patients. Both EG1- and EG2-positive cells were correlated with CD3-positive cells (pan T cell marker) and IL-5-producing cells in allergic or non-allergic polyposis. A large proportion of IL-5 producing cells were eosinophils. Eotaxin protein was detected in all tissue samples and dominantly located in epithelial cells. Eotaxin expression between allergic and non-allergic subjects was not significantly different.

Cell-surface glycoproteins play essential roles in maintaining the composition of cell structure. Neoplastic transformation in tumor cells is generally accompanied by structural alterations in cellsurface oligosaccharides (Hakomori, 1996). Alterations in N-linked

p27 Kip1 , a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is a negative regulator of the cell cycle, and apoptosis is a genetically encoded program of cell death. To clarify the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis, we investigated expression of p27, cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and c-Myc) in 60 cases of oral and oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) using an immuno-histochemical approach, and evaluated spontaneous apoptosis in vivo. Our most notable finding was that spontaneous apoptosis in the p27-positive group was significantly higher than that in the p27-negative group (p ‫؍‬ 0.028). In addition, the percentage of p27-

We concluded that inhibition of apoptosis could be an early sign of IP undergoing malignant transformation. A high proliferative rate was a characteristic of IP-associated malignant diseases.

We concluded that assessment of p27 expression is useful as a prognostic factor for laryngeal SCC and of value in selecting patients with laryngeal SCC for aggressive therapy.