Gunarto, Sulaeman and Herlinah. 2019. The Preference Size Of Male Mud Crab, Scylla tranquebarica at Success Mating With Female , Scylla olivacea in Controlled Tanks. Aquacultura Indonesiana, 20(2) : 93-101. Interspecific hybridization of mud crab Scylla spp has been successfully conducted in controlled tanks. However, there is no information yet available about the male size S. tranquebarica is capable to copulate with female of S. olivacea. The objectives of the experiment is to find out the male size of S. tranquebarica that willingly copulated with newly molted female of S. olivacea. Twelve individual of adolescent female of S. olivacea were reared individually in the conical fibreglass tanks each of 500 L volume. In another tank, 12 adult male S. tranquebarica with various size (200-500g/ind.) were also prepared. The crabs fed with chopped trash fish in the morning (7.00 am) and afternoon (17.00 pm) at 5% of the total crab biomass. Each newly molted female is transfered to the prepared copulation tank where three male of different size have been placed and allow them to mate and freely copulated with the female. The size of copulated crabs (body weight, carapace with, and carapace length) were recorded. The female sizes were measured before and after molting, whereas, the male sizes were measured soon after mating process has finished. Post mating, the female crab then reared individually in the recirculating tank system until mature and spawned. The result showed that male S. tranquebarica with individual weight of >300g are preferable to copulate with female S. olivacea, where in contrary no male crab of the size <300g were successfully mate. The duration from mating to gonad maturity stage IV for the hybridized S. olivacea in this study ranges between 59-103 days.
ABSTRAKBudidaya udang vaname intensif sistem bioflok merupakan satu di antara beberapa upaya untuk efisiensi biaya produksi, karena bioflok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai subsitusi pakan bagi udang vaname yang dibudidayakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sumber C-karbohidrat (molase) sebagai upaya penumbuhan bioflok pada budidaya udang vaname pola intensif di tambak terutama efeknya pada pertumbuhan, sintasan dan produksi udang. Dua petak tambak masing-masing ukuran 3.520 m 2 dan 3.946 m 2 ditebari benur vaname dengan padat tebar 75 ekor/m 2 . Satu petak sebagai tambak kontrol tanpa penambahan sumber Ckarbohidrat (tambak A) dan satu petak tambak lainnya setelah satu bulan pemeliharaan maka sumber C karbohidrat (molase) mulai ditebarkan ke air tambak (tambak B) tujuannya untuk meningkatkan CN ratio menjadi > 10:1 sehingga diharapkan bioflok mudah tumbuh. Pakan udang diberikan setelah penebaran dengan dosis 100% dari total biomassa udang pada dua minggu pertama dan setiap dua minggu berikutnya jumlah pakan yang diberikan menurun hingga mencapai dosis 2,5% dari total biomassa udang setelah udang mencapai masa pemeliharaan bulan keempat. Pada petak yang ditumbuhkan bioflok dosis pakan yang diberikan ke udang dikurangi hingga mencapai 10%-20% dari porsi yang seharusnya diberikan. Sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan dihitung setelah udang dipanen. Kualitas air (salinitas, pH, dan oksigen terlarut) di-monitor setiap hari. Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatil Suspended Solid (VSS), dan volume bioflok di-monitor setelah terbentuk di air tambak. Total haemosit dan prophenol oksidase udang dihitung pada udang sampel dilakukan menjelang udang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di tambak B yang ditambahkan sumber C-karbohidrat (ditumbuhkan biofloknya) diperoleh nilai konversi pakan udang lebih rendah daripada yang diperoleh di tambak A. Sintasan dan produksi udang di tambak B lebih tinggi daripada sintasan dan produksi udang di tambak A (kontrol). Total haemosit dan prophenol oksidase lebih tinggi pada udang yang hidup di tambak B yang ditumbuhkan floknya daripada yang diperoleh di tambak A (kontrol).
Sebagian besar tambak di Indonesia dikelola secara tradisional oleh petambak yang rata-rata bermodal kecil. Untuk itu, teknologi budidaya udang vanamei pola tradisional plus perlu dikembangkan misalnya dengan sistem pemupukan susulan sehingga akan diperoleh teknologi budidaya yang murah tetapi menguntungkan bagi petambak tradisional. Beberapa faktor penting yang sangat perlu diperhatikan agar supaya berhasil dalam budidaya udang vanamei pola tradisional plus, di antaranya adalah persiapan tambak harus maksimal, pemilihan dan penanganan benur harus betul, kontruksi tambak meskipun untuk pola tradisional harus didisain agar air baru mudah masuk ke tambak dan air buangan beserta limbahnya dapat segera keluar dari pelataran tambak, cara pengelolaan air sistem resirkulasi atau penggantian air hanya dilakukan saat terjadi air pasang tinggi. Penggunaan fermentasi probiotik dan peningkatan upaya biosekuritas di sekitar lingkungan tambak. Dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor penting tersebut, meskipun udangdipelihara pada musim kemarau dengan kadar garam tinggi (53--34 ppt) dengan hanya mengandalkan pemupukan susulan 750 g urea dan 375 g SP-36/500 m2 serta penambahan fermentasi probiotik sebanyak 3 mg/L per minggu ternyata masih bisa panen dengan masa pemeliharaan lebih singkat yaitu 76 hari. Produksi pada kepadatan 1, 3, 5, dan 7 ekor/m2 masing-masing pada kisaran 4,1--8,69 kg/500 m2 (82--173,8 kg/ha); 8,7--10,7 kg/500 m2 (174--214 kg/ha); 4,27--10,55 kg/500 m2 (175,6--211 kg/ha); dan 11,6--17,5 kg/500 m2 (232--350 kg/ha).
Improvement of feed quality for mangrove crab larvae rearing is one of theimportant factors to increase of crablet production. The aim of the research was to knowthe influenzing of enriched Artemia nauplii using Nannochloropsis sp fed to the differentstages of larvae Scylla olivacea on crablet production. Twelve units of tanks volume 250L filled with saline water salinity 30 ppt, aerated, then stocked with new hatched mud crablarvae zoea-1 at the density 100 ind./L. The larvae zoea-1 were fed rotifer, Brachionus sp.and after zoea-3, beside fed by rotifer, the larvae were also fed by Artemia naupli. Fourtreatments were tested, namely: A). Artemia nauplii enriched using Nannochloropsis sp.was given to the larvae zoea-3 until develop to megalop stage. B). Artemia nauplii enrichedusing Nannochloropsis sp was given to the larvae zoea-4 until develop to megalop stage.C). Artemia nauplii enriched using Nannochloropsis sp was given to the larvae zoea-5 stageuntil develop to megalop stage. D). Artemia nauplii without enriched using Nannochloropsissp. was given to the larvae zoea-3 until develop to megalop stage. Result of the researchshowed that the highest of Larvae Development Indexes and Megalop Occurence Indexeswas obtained in treatment A and resulted the highest of crablet production, then followed bytreatment C and B and those were significantly different (P<0.05) with the crablet productionin treatment D. The use of Artemia nauplii enriched by Nannochloropsis sp. to feed larvae,S. olivacea stage zoea-3 to zoea-5 until develop to the megalop stage is one of the key factorto enhance the crablet production. By this finding, the crablet production in hatchery will beincreased and the mud crab culture in brackishwater pond able to developed.
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