BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and seasonal distribution of viral etiological agents and to compare their clinical manifestations and disease severity, including single and co infections.MethodsMultiplex reverse-transcription PCR was performed for the detection of viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirat. Disease severity was grouped using a categorization index as very mild/mild, and moderate/severe. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized children with viral respiratory tract infection were analyzed.ResultsViral pathogens were detected in 103/155 (66.5%) of patients. In order of frequency, identified pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus (32.0%), adenovirus (26.2%), parainfluenza viruses type 1–4 (19.4%), rhinovirus (18.4%), influenza A and B (12.6%), human metapneumovirus (12.6%), coronavirus (2.9%), and bocavirus (0.9%). Coinfections were present in 21 samples. Most of the children had very mild (38.8%) and mild disease (37.9%). Severity of illness was not worse with coinfections. The most common discharge diagnoses were "URTI" with or without LRTI/asthma (n=58). Most viruses exhibited strong seasonal patterns. Leukocytosis (22.2%) and neutrophilia (36.6%) were most commonly detected in patients with adenovirus and rhinovirus (p<0.05). Monocytosis was the most remarkable finding in the patients (n=48, 53.3%), especially in patients with adenovirus (p<0.05).ConclusionsRSV and RhV were associated with higher severity of illness in hospitalized children. RSV found to account for half of LRTI hospitalizations. In AdV and FluA and B infections, fever lasted longer than in other viruses. Coinfections were detected in 21 of the patients. The presence of coinfections was not associated with increased disease severity.

No abstract

Purpose: To examine the relationship between nursing students' perceptions of clinical instructor caring and their professional behaviors.Method: This study used a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation and Linear regression analyses.Results: The professional behaviors of nursing students were found to increase their desire to become a nurse in the future with "instills confidence through caring" and "supportive learning climate" subscales but to decrease their desire to be an academician in the future. Conclusion:As students' perceptions of clinical instructor caring increased, their status of applying professional behaviors was found to increase, as well.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a current global issue. Investigation of the level of knowledge of the public about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance is necessary to combat the antibiotic resistance problem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the citizens of the north-eastern part of Cyprus on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance problem. Methodology: Randomly selected 701 adults were included in the study. A modified version of World Health Organization’s public awareness survey was used to assess the knowledge on antibiotics and the resistance. Logistic regression was used to find out the relationship between knowledge and education level. Spearman’s correlation analysis was carried out to determine the association between the education level and the awareness of antibiotic resistance. Results: Overall, 47.9% (336/701) of the respondents had used antibiotics in the last 6 months. Approximately 70% of respondents were determined to have intermediate/high knowledge on antibiotic consumption. In total, 66% of the population heard about antibiotic resistance and of these, 64% had intermediate knowledge on the resistance concept. University graduates were more likely to hear the term antibiotic resistance than primary school graduates. Conclusions: In the north-eastern region of Cyprus, the public is moderately knowledgeable about antibiotics and resistance. The study is the first large scale study in the northern part of Cyprus and is thought to improve the national health policies related with antibiotic consumption in Cyprus and other developing countries.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, known as baker's yeast, is also used as a probiotic agent to treat gastroenteritis by modulating the endogenous flora and immune system. However, since there have been increasing reports of fungemia due to S.cerevisiae and its subspecies S.boulardii, it is recommended that probiotics should be cautiously used in immunosuppressed patients, people with underlying diseases and low-birth weight babies. To emphasize this phenomenon, in this report, a case of S.cerevisiae fungemia developed in a patient given probiotic treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, was presented. An 88-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with left hip pain, hypotension, and confusion. Her medical history included hypertension, chronic renal failure, left knee replacement surgery, and recurrent urinary tract infections due to neurogenic bladder. She was transferred to the intensive care unit with the diagnosis of urosepsis. After obtaining blood and urine samples for culture, empirical meropenem (2 x 500 mg) and linezolid (1 x 600 mg) treatment were administered. A central venous catheter (CVC) was inserted and after one day of inotropic support, her hemodynamic parameters were stabilized. The urine culture obtained on admission yielded extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Urine culture was repeated after three days and no bacteria were isolated. On the 4th day of admission she developed diarrhea. Toxin A/B tests for Clostridium difficile were negative. To relieve diarrhea, S.boulardii (Reflor 250 mg capsules, Sanofi Aventis, Turkey) was administered twice a day, without opening capsules. Two days later, her C-reactive protein (CRP) level increased from 23.2 mg/L to 100 mg/L without fever. Her blood culture taken from the CVC yielded S.cerevisiae. Linezolid and meropenem therapies were stopped on the 13th and 14th days, respectively, while prophylactic fluconazole therapy was replaced with caspofungin 1 x 50 mg on the fifth day. After seven days of therapy CRP and serum creatinine levels decreased to 9.1 mg/L and 1.2 mg/dl, respectively; and she was discharged from the hospital with improvement. The probiotic capsules were used unopen, thus, it was proposed that S.cerevisiae fungemia originated from translocation from the intestinal mucosa. Since it was not possible to investigate the molecular genetics of the strain isolated from the blood culture and the strain present in the probiotic, a definite conclusion about the origin of the strain could not be reached. It was thought that old age and underlying disease of the patient were the related predisposing factors for S.cerevisiae fungemia. This case emphasized that clinicians should be cautious in case of probiotic application even though in encapsulated form, even in immunocompetent patients with a history of long-term hospital stay and use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials since there may be a risk of S.cerevisiae fungemia development.

The aim of this article was to investigate the relationship between the fear of breast cancer, perceived risk, knowledge of breast cancer, and breast cancer diagnosis behaviors in women with and without a family history of breast cancer. Materials and Methods:The study used a descriptive and cross-sectional design and was carried out through face-toface interviews between December 2019 and April 2020 with 308 women who had a family history of breast cancer and were receiving breast cancer treatment in the Oncology and Chemotherapy unit of a city hospital and 523 patient relatives who were receiving treatment in other services of the hospital and had no family history of breast cancer. Results: The perceived risk of breast cancer in ten years by women with a family history of breast cancer, compared to that of women with no family history, increased by 1,938 times, the fear of breast cancer score increased by 1,073 times and that the Comprehensive Breast Cancer Knowledge Test (CBCKT) score increased by 3,269 times. Conclusion:The breast cancer diagnosis behaviors of women with a family history (performing BSE, having a CBE, having a mammogram in women aged over 40) increased significantly compared to those who did not have a family history, but that it was still not at the desired level in both groups. Amaç: Bu çalışmada ailesel meme kanseri öyküsü olan ve olmayan kadınlarda meme kanseri korkusu, risk algısı, meme kanseri bilgisi ve meme kanseri tanılama davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma, Aralık 2019 -Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasında bir şehir hastanesinin Onkoloji ve Kemoterapi ünitesinde meme kanseri tedavisi gören 308 aile öyküsü olan ve diğer servislerde tedavi gören aile öyküsü olmayan 523 hasta yakını kadın ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Aile öyküsü olan kadınların olmayan kadınlara göre on yıl içindeki meme kanseri risk algısının 1,938 kat, meme kanseri korku puanının 1,073 kat ve Geniş Kapsamlı Meme Kanseri Bilgi Testi (GKMKBT) tedavi edilebilirlik puanının 3,269 kat arttığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmada aile öyküsü olan kadınların meme kanseri tanılama davranışlarının (KKMM yapma, KMM yaptırma, 40 yaş üstü kadınlarda mamografi çektirme) aile öyküsü olmayanlara göre anlamlı şekilde arttığı ancak her iki grupta da hala istendik düzeyde olmadığı belirlendi.