“…Resilience was described as a changeable path (Solano et al, 2016), response (Lin et al, 2020), and adaptation process. Resilience was also treated as an individual quality, more specifically, it was described as toughness (Zhang et al, 2020), capacity (Baziliansky and Cohen, 2020;Ҫakir et al, 2021), and a coping ability (Gouzman et al, 2015). However, in most studies, resilience was seen as a mediator (Cohen et al, 2014;Dong et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019) or an ally (Costa et al, 2017) for positive changes (Cohen et al, 2014;Gouzman et al, 2015;Solano et al, 2016;Costa et al, 2017;Dong et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019Zhang et al, , 2020 and better adjustment (Cohen et al, 2014;Gouzman et al, 2015;Costa et al, 2017).…”