Experimental SectionSynthesis of 4-bromo-4'-(octyloxy) biphenyl (1) The reaction is carried out in oven-dried glassware. In a 250 ml round bottom flask 10g 4'-bromobiphenyl-4-ol and 3.86g (moles) K2CO3 were taken and dissolved in 100 ml DMF. The mixture was stirred and heated to 90 °C followed by dropwise addition of 25 ml of 1-bromooctane. The temperature of the mixture was maintained at 90° C for 5h. Then the reaction mixture was poured into 1L distilled water and transferred to a separating funnel and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform layer was washed using 5% NaOH solution and distilled water, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Upon evaporation white solid is obtained and is further purified by recrystallization from acetonitrile. Yield:80%.
synthesis of 2,5-bis(4'-(octyloxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)thiophene-3-carbonitrile: (PCN8)To a degassed mixture of 4-bromo-4'-(octyloxy) biphenyl (4.14 g, 18 mmol ), 3cyanothiophene(1g, 3.08 mmol), K2CO3 (6 mmol, 0.81g), Pd(OAc)2 (6 mol %, 0.178 mmol, 40 mg), PCy3.HBF4 (12 mol %, 0.358 mmol, 132 mg), pivalic acid (30 mol %, 0.90 mmol, 92 mg), 8 ml of dry N,N-dimethyl acetamide was added via syringe. The reaction mixture was then vigorously stirred at 110 º C for 12 h under argon. The solution was then cooled to room temperature and diluted with CH2Cl2. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 times). The organics layer was dried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure and then eluted with hexane /ethyl acetate (9: 1). The solid obtained was recrystallization from 1propanol. [1,2] Yield: 76%, m.p.:91.1 C.
SYNOPSISOxoalkyl acrylates of long-chain 7-0x0 alcohols were synthesized as intermediate monomers for the preparation of poly [ n-alkyl( oxy) -n-hexyl acrylates] for the first time. These polymers have wide applications as fluidity improvers (pour point depressants) for petroleum crude oils. Characterization of all the intermediate monomers was done by IR, 'H-NMR, and MS, and that of polymers by IR, 'H-NMR, and GPC. These polymers were systematically investigated for their efficacy as pour point depressants on three types of high waxy Bombay High (Indian) crudes. In addition to establishing the pour points, relevant rheological parameters of the untreated and the additive-treated crude oils were determined in the laboratory with a rotational viscometer. Results of the crude oils that were pre-and posttreated with these new polymers have shown enhanced activity of flow properties as compared to the crudes that were treated with poly( n-alkyl acrylate) flow improver.
Background
Medicinal plant extracts used in folk medicine seem to be crucial since those are generally accepted by people without worrying about the toxicity. In our present study, we have compared the neuroprotective role of the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. and leaf extracts of Olea dioica Roxb., against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.
Results
In-vivo neurotoxic study was carried out using 7-day-old flies (wild-type D. melanogaster). Prior to co-after exposing the flies with acrylamide (8 mM) along with or without OLE-2 and CU-3 fractions (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% w/v), the heads of flies of both the control and treated groups were homogenized for biochemical assay. ACR-treated groups have shown higher elevation in AChE, SOD, LPO, and CAT activity when compared to control and treated (plant fraction) groups. Biochemical and histopathology studies show that both the plant fractions (OLE-2 and CU-3) have neuroprotective action against acrylamide.
Conclusion
The present study has demonstrated that dietary supplementation with plant fraction of OLE-2 and CU-3 has increased antioxidant enzymes and decreased AChE activity in D. melanogaster. This activity could be part of the probable mechanisms of action by which OLE-2 and CU-3 fractions have extended the lifespan and locomotory activity in fruit flies. These fruit flies continue to provide an exciting system for metabolic studies and should be more extensively exploited. Based on these results, further studies on the identified bioactive compounds from these two plants are being planned.
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