Composting is an alternative for recycling biodegradable organic waste, transforming it into organic fertilizer that can be used as agricultural nutrients, avoiding its disposal in landfills. This study evaluated the composting of household organic waste as a substitution for cattle manure, with a view to its application in the fertilization of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill., Var. Cesariforme). Thus, compost piles were set up using 30% organic waste (carbon source) and 70% tree-pruning residues (filling material). Two sources of organic waste were tested: household food waste (FW) and cattle manure (CM), at five proportions (15% FW + 15% CM, 10% FW + 20% CM, 20% FW + 10% CM and the controls 30% CM and 30% FW). After 90 days, the mature compost from each pile was mixed with coconut fibre in a 1:1 ratio and used as substrate filled in 15 L plastic pots, where the cherry tomato plants were grown. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design, with five treatments and five replicates. Assessments of growth and leaf mineral composition were performed for the cherry tomato plants. The results indicate that cattle manure can be replaced by household food waste as the organic material used in compost piles. Fertilization with organic compost from household food waste positively influenced the growth and nutrient assimilation in the leaf tissue of cherry tomato.
The consolidation of a wide and effective management system of solid residues, especially biodegradable ones, is one of the great challenges of current society. Composting was evaluated as an option of organic fertilization for soil enrichment, using raw food residues in substitution to bovine manure. The compost piles were built with 30% of biodegradable residues mixed with 70% of ground tree pruning material. The effects of different proportions of food residues (FR) and bovine manure (BM) as source of carbon were tested in 5 treatments (T 1 = 15%BM + 15%FR, T 2 = 20%BM + 10%FR, T 3 = 10%BM + 20%FR, T 4 = 30%BM and T 5 = control, 30%FR), in randomized blocks, under open field conditions for 90 days. The pH, temperature and moisture content of the compost were measured weekly. The aged compost was evaluated for physicochemical and microbiological properties and carbon contents in the humic substances. The analyses of the results indicated that all studied composts reached the maturation stage with satisfactory contents of humic substances, macronutrients, and micronutrients, indicating that food residues can be used as a source of carbon in compost piles to produce organic fertilizers. The contents of the evaluated chemical contaminants were much lower than those established in the main legislation and current normative instructions and, in terms of contamination by pathogens, there was the absence of total coliforms, thermo tolerant coliforms, and Salmonellas.
El compostaje se presenta como una alternativa para reciclar residuos sólidos orgánicos biodegradables, transformarlos en fertilizantes para la agricultura y evitar su deposición inadecuada en rellenos sanitarios. De esta forma, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la calidad físico-química y microbiológica de un compost producido a partir de residuos orgánicos y su desempeño en el desarrollo y productividad del cultivo de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sativa L.), en condiciones de invernadero. La materia prima del compostaje fueron residuos orgánicos domiciliares (restos de alimentos) y estiércol de bovino en proporción 1:1. Para la construcción de los montículos de compost, los residuos orgánicos fueron mezclados con podas de árboles triturados. Diferentes concentraciones de compost madurado, 20, 40, 60, 80 y 100%, fueron incluidos en el sustrato de lechuga en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que el compost orgánico producido presentó características físico-químicas y microbiológicas dentro de los rangos de utilización agronómica y su adición en el sustrato de fibra de coco, favoreció la producción de lechuga, promoviendo un incremento de 63% en la altura de plantas y 75% en el número de hojas.
A dessalinização das águas salobras pode constituir-se em uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento regional, entretanto, fazem-se necessárias avaliações de impactos ambientais, devido o rejeito salino gerado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas das águas de estações de tratamento por osmose reversa (água de poço, água dessalinizada e rejeito salino) na Mesorregião do Oeste potiguar, Brasil. Foram investigadas 10 estações de tratamentos de água salobra por osmose reversa (6 assentamentos e 4 comunidades rurais). Amostras de água do poço, rejeito da dessalinização e a água potável das estações de tratamentos foram coletadas para determinação dos parâmetros físico-químicas CE a , RAS, pH e os íons Cl -, HCO -3 , CO 3 2-, Na + e Ca 2+. As análises dos resultados indicaram que as águas de poços e de rejeito salino de todas as comunidades apresentaram alto grau de restrição de uso para a irrigação quanto aos riscos de salinização e toxicidade de íons cloreto, sendo necessário o uso de práticas de manejo, como, por exemplo, o cultivo de plantas tolerantes à salinidade e a aplicação de fração de lixiviação de sais. No entanto, as águas dessalinizadas são adequadas para fins irrigação.Palavras-chave: qualidade de água, sustentabilidade ambiental, reuso de água. CHARACTERIZATION OF WATERS FROM INLAND DESALINATION PLANTS IN THE MESOREGION FROM WEST POTIGUAR, BRASIL ABSTRACTDesalination of brackish water it's an opportunity for regional development, however, are necessary environmental impact assessments, due the reject brine generated. The objective of this study was to assessments the physic-chemical properties of waters from inland desalination plants by reverse osmosis (well water, desalination water and reject brine) in the Mesoregion
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a satisfação e aprendizagem de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) egressos do curso autoinstrucional “Caderneta da Criança: Instrumento intersetorial para promoção da atenção integral à saúde da criança”, sob a perspectiva do modelo Kirkpatrick. Para atingi-lo, foi elaborado um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com 1536 profissionais da APS egressos do curso autoinstrucional, ofertado na modalidade a distância pela Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Foram coletados dados de atividades formativas e de questionários semiestruturados, disponíveis no ambiente virtual do curso. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%, no software RStudio versão 4.1.3. Todos os aspectos éticos foram atendidos. O perfil sociodemográfico e laboral da amostra foi caracterizado por 84,26% profissionais egressos do sexo feminino e 67,50% que não possuíam funções na gestão. Para a análise de satisfação dos participantes, 98,60% concordaram que o curso permitiu que os alunos alcançassem os objetivos educacionais propostos. Quanto a aprendizagem, houve aumento significativo da mediana da autoavaliação e da atividade diagnóstica no fim do curso (p-valor <0,001). O curso autoinstrucional “Caderneta da Criança: Instrumento intersetorial para promoção da atenção integral à saúde da criança” apresentou efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos para a educação permanente de profissionais da saúde que atuam na APS.
The desalination of the brackish waters is a technology of coexistence with the semi-arid and its adoption implies in determining the environmental impacts due to the reject brine generated. Therefore, this work evaluated the hydrochemical characteristics of well water (feed water), drinking water (purified) and reject brine from reverse osmosis desalination plants in Western Meso-region, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. During the periods between October 2013 and November 2014, four water samples were taken at seven inland desalination plants in communities and rural settlements. The hydrochemical characteristics of the waters were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis. The following physico-chemical parameters of water collected were evaluated: electrical conductivity (ECw), pH, concentrations of cations (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and anions (chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate), Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Langelier Saturation Index, Stability Index of Ryznar, and the Calcium/Magnesium ratio. Well water and reject brine were classified into six groups, while purified water was classified into seven groups with different levels of risk of salinization, sodification and ions toxicity.
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