A qualidade água é importante, pois alguns componentes podem causar obstruções físicas quando sofrem reações, comprometendo o desempenho dos sistemas de irrigação. Este trabalho avaliou a qualidade da água do rio Açu-RN usada na irrigação, realizando cinco coletas de água durante o período de outubro de 2009 e fevereiro de 2010 em 8 pontos ao longo do leito principal, sendo analisados: condutividade elétrica, pH, bicarbonoto, sulfato, cloretos e a RAS. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que água apresenta boa qualidade, devendo-se ter cuidado apenas com pH, em razão doa altos valores em todos os pontos e época de coleta, o que pode ocasionar precipitação de carbonatos de cálcio e magnésio e ainda, no caso da fertirrigação, insolubilização de fertilizantes, diminuindo o desempenho e a vida útil dos equipamentos
Reverse osmosis is the technology commonly used to produce fresh water from brackish groundwater. Due to the reject brine generated in desalination plants by reverse osmosis, vulnerability assessment to define critical areas to monitor waters from desalination has been an important tool for delineating the monitoring networks required for surveillance of potential salinization sites. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of waters sampled in desalination plants by a quality index, which provides a relative assessment of water vulnerability to potential salinization. The present study proposes an index to assess the quality of waters from desalination plants initially using the chemical parameters electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and the ions sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. The index to assess quality of waters from desalination plants showed good performance and can include additional parameters referring to the soil and crop exploited. High values of the relative index of quality of waters from desalination plants are considered as possible indicators of risk of soil salinization and groundwater contamination. The highest level of land use impact on the quality of waters from desalination plants was found in reject brine samples followed by well water samples.
The desalination of the brackish waters is a technology of coexistence with the semi-arid and its adoption implies in determining the environmental impacts due to the reject brine generated. Therefore, this work evaluated the hydrochemical characteristics of well water (feed water), drinking water (purified) and reject brine from reverse osmosis desalination plants in Western Meso-region, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. During the periods between October 2013 and November 2014, four water samples were taken at seven inland desalination plants in communities and rural settlements. The hydrochemical characteristics of the waters were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis. The following physico-chemical parameters of water collected were evaluated: electrical conductivity (ECw), pH, concentrations of cations (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and anions (chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate), Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Langelier Saturation Index, Stability Index of Ryznar, and the Calcium/Magnesium ratio. Well water and reject brine were classified into six groups, while purified water was classified into seven groups with different levels of risk of salinization, sodification and ions toxicity.
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