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RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de tripanossomose em uma propriedade leiteira no município de Timon no estado do Maranhão, Brasil. O proprietário relatava histórico de abortos, nascimentos de crias fracas e mortalidade de animais adultos com perda progressiva de peso. Foram realizadas visitas à propriedade para obtenção do histórico, exame dos animais e coleta de sangue para realização do teste de Woo, hemogramas, testes sorológicos para pesquisa de anticorpos contra tripanossomose, leptospirose, e neosporose e PCR para diagnóstico molecular de Trypanosoma vivax. A identificação de animais com baixos valores no hematócrito foi a principal alteração hematológica identificada no rebanho. Dois animais foram positivos no teste de Woo, sendo visualizados tripanossomas em esfregaços sanguíneos, confirmados por meio de diagnóstico molecular como sendo T. vivax. Identificou-se que 95,23% (40/42) dos animais com hematócrito baixo foram sorologicamente positivos para T. vivax. As condições identificadas na propriedade, como ambiente propício aos vetores mecânicos, a presença de animais silvestres e a introdução de animais de estados onde já haviam sido registrados surtos de tripanossomose provavelmente estiveram associadas à introdução e disseminação do agente no rebanho. O elevado número de animais sorologicamente positivos para tripanossomose 82,51% (151/183) demonstra que praticamente todo o rebanho teve contato com o agente. O rápido estabelecimento das medidas de controle, entre elas a utilização das drogas tripanocidas, contribuiu para o controle do surto. O estudo permitiu comprovar a ocorrência de mais um surto de tripanossomíase tripanossomose no Brasil. O diagnóstico clínico da enfermidade foi dificultado pela semelhança dos sinais clínicos com outras enfermidades e pela possibilidade da associação de duas ou mais doenças no mesmo paciente, o que ressalta a importância do estabelecimento de medidas diagnósticas adequadas como forma de evitar a disseminação da enfermidade e minimizar as perdas econômicas dos produtores.

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This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.

We evaluated the evidence in research on the effects of melatonin on hypothyroidism and gonadal development. According to the World Health Organization, thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency affect about 740 million people worldwide. Hypothyroidism is a thyroid dysfunction characterized by hypometabolism of the gland, with reduced or physiologically normal T3 and T4 serum levels, and high TSH level. This disorder occurs mainly in adult women in the reproductive phase, with a prevalence of 2% among the world's female population, with profound repercussions on gestation and fetal formation. During the gestational period, the thyroid is initially stimulated by high concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin; thus, maintaining maternal euthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation is fundamental for fetal growth and development. Besides, the hormones produced by this gland are involved in the formation of various organs, such as the skin, brain and gonads. Hypothyroidism is associated with several menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and hyperprolactinemia, resulting in a high rate of abortions, premature births, placental rupture, and weight-related neonatal deficits. In addition, there are studies showing that hypothyroidism can affect ovarian morphology (number of ovarian follicles) and testicular morphology (changes in the testicular-lumen epithelium). Melatonin is a hormone known to modulate the estrous cycle and pregnancy, and studies show that the exogenous application of melatonin increased T4 levels in female rats and controlled the decrease in T3 serum levels, reverting the sigs of hypothyroidism.

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PURPOSE:The use of the collared peccary as an experimental model for ischemic nephropathy. METHODS:A total of 12 collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) was used and ischemic nephropathy was induced in six of these animals that constituted the experimental group (G1) while the other six formed the control group (G2). Ischemic nephropathy was induced surgically by partial occlusion of the left renal artery. The disease course was assessed by hematological tests, serum chemistry, urinalysis, ultrasound (US) and doppler ultrasound function of the renal artery before induction, and at five, 10, 15 and 20 days after surgery.Twenty days after the occlusion, unilateral nephrectomy and histopathological examination were performed to assess renal morphology. RESULTS:Statistical analysis by Fischer's test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the experimental group. The histopathological examination showed glomerular, tubular and interstitial lesions. In the experimental group, 83.3% (5 /6) showed moderate renal lesions and only 16.7% (1/6) were classified with no lesions. The ultrasound examination of the right kidney presented statistical difference between day 5 and day 10 post occlusion. CONCLUSION:The collared peccary as a good experimental model for ischemic renal disease, because it could be manipulated during the research time without death, with health conditions that permit any subsequent procedure for disease therapy.Key words: Artiodactyla. Kidney Diseases. Ischemia. Models, Animal. Collared Pecary (tayassu tajacu) as a new model of renal ischemic injury induced by clamping the renal arteryActa Cirúrgica 2014 -561

Cases of periodontitis in sheep from the Agreste and Zona da Mata regions of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, are described. Information on breed, age and sex of affected animals as well as clinical and pathological aspects of the disease were obtained during farm visits. Fifteen animals from a total of 450 Santa Inês sheep, aged between three and twelve years, showed low body condition score, dull coat, and difficulty in feeding followed by pain on palpation of the mandibular region. Physical examination of the oral cavity of affected animals and post mortem findings of slaughtered individuals revealed varying degrees of periodontitis, wear, fracture, mobility, and loss of teeth associated with gingival retraction, presence of biofilm and food packing between incisors, premolars and molars teeth. Increased mandibular volume was observed in eight animals and, in two of them, an abscess fistula, exclusively in mandibular teeth. The occurrence of periodontitis in sheep had not been recorded until now in Northeastern Brazil and, thus, this is the first description of cases in the region.