Traditional architecture has a variety of original and smart techniques to meet various needs according to the cultural context and natural conditions. Moluccas Islands is a natural disaster-prone area that has several unique traditional houses and was formed based on local wisdom, climatic, and topography conditions since the 13th century. This study aims to explore the traditional architecture in North Maluku Island by literature study and field observation to understand the design principles and building construction systems in response to extreme environmental conditions and to find out the sustainable features of traditional architecture in the past. Research focuses on five traditional houses located in different locations and topographical conditions by observing and analyzing site conditions, building orientation, construction techniques, building materials, ornaments, typology, and philosophy buildings. Study results show that sustainable features can be found on traditional houses in North Moluccas Island. Traditional houses of North Maluku were built using limited resources by passive design strategies and response to extreme conditions to achieve occupant comfort with the basic concept of "spiritual-human-nature". The characteristics of buildings differ in each region according to topographic conditions and local wisdom but in the same strategy: "harmony with nature" so that the traditional architecture of North Maluku can provide a comfortable living environment for occupants over the centuries according to the resources available at that time. The success of the traditional architecture of North Maluku in adapting to extreme environmental conditions can inspire sustainable building designs in the future, especially for the archipelago context.
Contextual teaching and learning-based local wisdom approach is an approach that can be used in 21st century classes to develop student skill problems. Enhancing problem solving skills is the focus of the objectives in this study. Classroom action research follows the Kemmis & McTaggart action model. The research subjects were 28 students in class VIIA of SMP Negeri 1 Manokwari. Data collected using observation sheet and test. The analysis found that the average of student activity in the first cycle was 66% (adequate category), and increased in the second cycle with an average of 80% (good category). The increase is 14%. The average problem solving skills of students in the first cycle were 14% (very poor category), and increased in the second cycle by 62% (enough category). It can be concluded that CTL-based local wisdom approach can enhance student activity and problem solving skills of junior high school students. Future research can use other local wisdom based learning to develop problem solving skills for better.
Abstrak: Pengembangan waterfront city yang termuat dalam rencana tata ruang Kota Ternate tahun 2006-2015 diantaranya bermuara dari keterbatasan lahan kota dalam menyediakan infrastruktur perkotaan akibat tekanan populasi yang semakin meningkat, kondisi geografis dan topografis wilayah, ancaman bencana dari letusan gunung api serta strategi pengembangan nasional dan provinsi. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis hirarki atau tingkat perkembangan wilayah Kota Ternate setelah pengembangan kawasan waterfront city dengan indikator ketersediaan infrastruktur. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis skalogram dengan variabel ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hirarki wilayah Kota Ternate setelah pengembangan kawasan waterfront city (tahun 2005-2011) telah mengalami perkembangan dari aspek ketersediaan infrastruktur dan aksesibilitas terutama di kelurahan pesisir yang menjadi kawasan waterfront city.Kata Kunci: hirarki wilayah, perkembangan kota, skalogram, waterfront city Abstract: Ternate waterfront city development initiative 2006-2015 was designated for anticipating the limitation of land use due to high population increase, geographical and topographical constraints of the region, the threat of catastrophic volcanic eruption, and the national and provincial development strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the urban service hierarchy inside the city responding the initiative. The methodology used in this research was scalogram analysis for calculating infrastructure availability variables. The results showed that the post-implementation of waterfront city development initiative (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)) the number of infrastructure availability and accessibility has improved, particularly in the coastal urban villages inside the waterfront city development area.Keywords: regional hierarchy, urban growth, schalogram, waterfront city PendahuluanPerkembangan kota pantai (waterfront city) di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari pengaruh kejayaan kerajaan-kerajaan di nusantara dengan kegiatan utama berupa perdagangan, jasa dan pusat pemerintahan. Saat ini kota-kota pantai di Indonesia tumbuh dan berkembang
Bobanehena village is geographically located in the coastal area of subduction route, causing the village to be vulnerable to frequent earthquakes. The 5 SR earthquake struck the village in 2015 caused heavy damages to people's houses. The houses that are susceptible to damage by earthquakes, resulting in many casualties. This research aim is to identify the types of house in Bobanehena village, West Halmahera Regency. Typological data of houses can be used as database for vulnerability assessment in Bobanehena village. The method used was field study, structured interviews, and documentation using field observation to determine the physical condition of houses which are responsive to earthquakes. The results of the research indicate that the residence in Bobanehena village, West Halmahera Regency is in the form of the spatial distribution of earthquakes-prone housing, which forms a longitudinal pattern and expanded to the coastal area. The characteristic of settlement distribution is unorganized and clustered, so it appears to be in a random pattern. The typology of earthquake-prone residences in Bobanehena village can be classified into three types, namely Stengah Leger house, Fala Kanci traditional house, and modern house. In addition, from those three types, Stengah Leger and Fala Kanci are responsive to the earthquake load, for it uses wooden frame construction.
Indonesians had lived a lifestyle in the past that was very harmonious with their environment. Almost all tribes and communities had policies for preserving and managing their surroundings based on local wisdom that was passed down from previous generations. However, due to the increase in the development of modern cities, this knowledge began to erode. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of waterfront city development on coastal resources and local wisdom in relation to the preservation of sustainable environments in the archipelago city of Ternate. This study was performed through a literature review, field observations, and interviews with 250 respondents. The results show that the increase in waterfront development activities can reduce the potential of coastal resources as well as have an impact on changes in regional characteristics and features of local wisdom in coastal areas due to reclamation. The conservation of environmental resources and the management of coastal areas based on local wisdom and sustainable development can improve the value of the environment and reduce the pressure on coastal resources. The findings of this study can improve insight into the importance of sustainable waterfront development based on local wisdom, specifically in archipelagic cities.
The energy consumption in the building sector is very high and is expected to increase continuously with the world's population growth. It is believed that vernacular architecture has the essential knowledge to be learned and adopted as sustainable development strategies according to the context and region. Therefore, this study aims to explore the vernacular architecture of the archipelago region of Tidore in Indonesia through literature studies and field observations to understand the principles of design and building construction systems in response to extreme environments. It also focuses on analyzing the features of local wisdom and sustainability applied to vernacular architecture in the past using the sustainable assessment method. The results showed that the Tidore vernacular architecture has adapted to extreme weather and natural disasters for centuries with the traditional construction technique of the button and bond systems using lightweight materials from the surrounding environment. It also aligns with the local context, including the culture, tradition, and religion or spirituality of the people. Moreover, the approach respects the environmental and climatic factors and is in harmony with the topography. The strongest point of this approach is the ability to realize the "spiritual-human-environment" harmony for the human environment's comfort. These findings are expected to inspire sustainable architectural designs in the future.
Peristiwa gempa bumi yang melanda wilayah Halmahera Selatan yang terjadi pada tanggal 14 Juli 2019 dengan magnitude 7,2 SR menyebabkan kerusakan rumah cukup parah di hampir 56 desa dan memakan korban jiwa. Gempa bumi yang terjadi di Halmahera Selatan membuat warga panik dan langsung berlarian menuju ke tempat yang lebih tinggi untuk menghindari terjadinya gempa susulan dan tsunami. Camp pengungsian warga berada pada area hutan/kebun warga di dataran tinggi. Melihat kondisi camp pengungsian di beberapa titik lokasi yang mana hanya tersedia terpal untuk tempat bernaung maka tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Fakultas Teknik yang tergabung dalam Tim Penyaluran Bantuan dan Relawan Nasional menuju lokasi bencana alam di Halmahera Selatan dengan tujuan untuk menyalurkan bantuan/logistik kepada korban gempa dan edukasi tentang bencana alam serta kesiapsiagaan dalam masa tanggap darurat. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di Desa Tawa, Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan berlangsung selama 6 hari terhitung mulai tanggal 4 November hingga 9 November 2019. Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan adalah penyaluran bantuan logistik bagi warga desa, dan kegiatan sosialisasi pembuatan tempat pengungsian dengan memanfaatkan material alam sekitar camp pengungsian. Kegiatan tambahan lainnya yang telah dilakukan diantaranya adalah identifikasi kerusakan bangunan, identifikasi awal sumber air untuk alternatif pembangkit listrik, sosialisasi pendidikan kebencanaan untuk anak-anak di sekolah serta identifikasi kerusakan bangunan sekolah.Kata Kunci: bencana alam, gempa bumi, camp pengungsian, material alam.
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