Traditional architecture has a variety of original and smart techniques to meet various needs according to the cultural context and natural conditions. Moluccas Islands is a natural disaster-prone area that has several unique traditional houses and was formed based on local wisdom, climatic, and topography conditions since the 13th century. This study aims to explore the traditional architecture in North Maluku Island by literature study and field observation to understand the design principles and building construction systems in response to extreme environmental conditions and to find out the sustainable features of traditional architecture in the past. Research focuses on five traditional houses located in different locations and topographical conditions by observing and analyzing site conditions, building orientation, construction techniques, building materials, ornaments, typology, and philosophy buildings. Study results show that sustainable features can be found on traditional houses in North Moluccas Island. Traditional houses of North Maluku were built using limited resources by passive design strategies and response to extreme conditions to achieve occupant comfort with the basic concept of "spiritual-human-nature". The characteristics of buildings differ in each region according to topographic conditions and local wisdom but in the same strategy: "harmony with nature" so that the traditional architecture of North Maluku can provide a comfortable living environment for occupants over the centuries according to the resources available at that time. The success of the traditional architecture of North Maluku in adapting to extreme environmental conditions can inspire sustainable building designs in the future, especially for the archipelago context.
Abstrak: Pengembangan waterfront city yang termuat dalam rencana tata ruang Kota Ternate tahun 2006-2015 diantaranya bermuara dari keterbatasan lahan kota dalam menyediakan infrastruktur perkotaan akibat tekanan populasi yang semakin meningkat, kondisi geografis dan topografis wilayah, ancaman bencana dari letusan gunung api serta strategi pengembangan nasional dan provinsi. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis hirarki atau tingkat perkembangan wilayah Kota Ternate setelah pengembangan kawasan waterfront city dengan indikator ketersediaan infrastruktur. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis skalogram dengan variabel ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hirarki wilayah Kota Ternate setelah pengembangan kawasan waterfront city (tahun 2005-2011) telah mengalami perkembangan dari aspek ketersediaan infrastruktur dan aksesibilitas terutama di kelurahan pesisir yang menjadi kawasan waterfront city.Kata Kunci: hirarki wilayah, perkembangan kota, skalogram, waterfront city Abstract: Ternate waterfront city development initiative 2006-2015 was designated for anticipating the limitation of land use due to high population increase, geographical and topographical constraints of the region, the threat of catastrophic volcanic eruption, and the national and provincial development strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the urban service hierarchy inside the city responding the initiative. The methodology used in this research was scalogram analysis for calculating infrastructure availability variables. The results showed that the post-implementation of waterfront city development initiative (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)) the number of infrastructure availability and accessibility has improved, particularly in the coastal urban villages inside the waterfront city development area.Keywords: regional hierarchy, urban growth, schalogram, waterfront city PendahuluanPerkembangan kota pantai (waterfront city) di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari pengaruh kejayaan kerajaan-kerajaan di nusantara dengan kegiatan utama berupa perdagangan, jasa dan pusat pemerintahan. Saat ini kota-kota pantai di Indonesia tumbuh dan berkembang
Contextual teaching and learning-based local wisdom approach is an approach that can be used in 21st century classes to develop student skill problems. Enhancing problem solving skills is the focus of the objectives in this study. Classroom action research follows the Kemmis & McTaggart action model. The research subjects were 28 students in class VIIA of SMP Negeri 1 Manokwari. Data collected using observation sheet and test. The analysis found that the average of student activity in the first cycle was 66% (adequate category), and increased in the second cycle with an average of 80% (good category). The increase is 14%. The average problem solving skills of students in the first cycle were 14% (very poor category), and increased in the second cycle by 62% (enough category). It can be concluded that CTL-based local wisdom approach can enhance student activity and problem solving skills of junior high school students. Future research can use other local wisdom based learning to develop problem solving skills for better.
Bobanehena village is geographically located in the coastal area of subduction route, causing the village to be vulnerable to frequent earthquakes. The 5 SR earthquake struck the village in 2015 caused heavy damages to people's houses. The houses that are susceptible to damage by earthquakes, resulting in many casualties. This research aim is to identify the types of house in Bobanehena village, West Halmahera Regency. Typological data of houses can be used as database for vulnerability assessment in Bobanehena village. The method used was field study, structured interviews, and documentation using field observation to determine the physical condition of houses which are responsive to earthquakes. The results of the research indicate that the residence in Bobanehena village, West Halmahera Regency is in the form of the spatial distribution of earthquakes-prone housing, which forms a longitudinal pattern and expanded to the coastal area. The characteristic of settlement distribution is unorganized and clustered, so it appears to be in a random pattern. The typology of earthquake-prone residences in Bobanehena village can be classified into three types, namely Stengah Leger house, Fala Kanci traditional house, and modern house. In addition, from those three types, Stengah Leger and Fala Kanci are responsive to the earthquake load, for it uses wooden frame construction.
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