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A novel pectic polysaccharide, named GTPS3-1, was isolated and purified from Laoshan green tea polysaccharide (GTPS) through DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 columns, its structure was characterized and its anti-inflammatory activity was explored.GTPS3-1, with a molecular weight of 26.05 kDa, was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.72:2.5:1.68:1 on the basis of monosaccharide composition. Structural analysis results revealed that GTPS3-1 was a highly branched pectin consisting of →3)

Aims Heart failure (HF) often results from mechanical or neurohormonal stress and remains the mortality up to 45–50%, which is accompanied by cardiomyocytes loss, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), a compound obtained from with Forsythia suspensa, Epicommia ulmoides and Styrax sp., has a remarkable effect on anti-hypertension, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. However, whether PDG protects against pressure overload induced cardiomyocytes fibrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress has not been illustrated. This study aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects and the underlying mechanism of PDG on cardiomyocytes injury in pressure overload-induced rats. Methods Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-surgery was performed to mimic pressure overload-induced cardiac injury (fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation) in rats. The collagen content deposit evaluation of heart in rats were evaluated by PSR staining. Furthermore, phenylephrine (PE) was used to make in vitro cell models of cardiac injury. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to test the expression of targeting mRNAs both in vivo and vitro. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of the AMPK/SIRT3/RIG-1 signaling pathway. Results AAC induced the significant cardiac injury in hearts of rats, as indicators of myocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas PDG treatment reversed these pathological changes compared to AAC rats. Moreover, AAC-induced increased left ventricular (LV) fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the Sham mice, but these increases were significantly reduced by PDG treatment. Interestingly, PDG in AAC-induced rats decreased the expressions of p-AMPK and SIRT3 at the protein levels. These results of this cardio-protection are likely through targeting cardiomyocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly mediated by AMPK and SIRT3. In addition, PDG also blocked PE-induced the fibrotic changes in cardiomyocytes. Thus, PDG may be a potential therapeutic agent in targeting pathological cardiac injury by inhibiting myocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in pressure overload-induced cardiac injury. Conclusions PDG significantly decreased AAC-induced cardiomyocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats through the AMPK/SIRT3/RIG-1 signaling pathway. These novel findings provide the evidence that PDG may be a promising therapeutic strategy for pathological cardiac remodeling and HF.

Polysaccharides from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AMC) were fractionated and selenylated by HNO3‐Na2SeO3 method. Four selenized polysaccharides were synthesized and fully characterized by ICP‐MS, UV, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, high‐performance gel permeation chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and SEM. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the selenized polysaccharides were composed of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (Glc A), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), and fucose (Fuc) with different molar ratios and molecular weights. The immunoactivity results showed that the selenized polysaccharides elevated cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, and promoted the production of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, NO, and reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating marked immune enhancement activities. RT‐qPCR and Western blot assays revealed that the selenized AMC polysaccharides upregulated the expression levels of many key factors involved in TNF, MAPKs, and NF‐κB signaling pathways. TNF/MAPKs/NF‐κB signaling pathways might play crucial roles in the immune function of selenized AMC polysaccharides. Practical applications Polysaccharide is an essential nutrient in Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching. The selenized AMC polysaccharide possesses the activities of organic selenium and polysaccharide, making it abroad application prospects in the fields of medicine, food, and cosmetics.