This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of nanoparticles based on chitosan as a vehicle for oral antigen delivery in fish vaccination. Carboxymethyl chitosan/chitosan nanoparticles (CMCS/CS-NPs) loaded extracellular products (ECPs) of Vibrio anguillarum were successfully developed by ionic gelation method. The prepared ECPs-loaded CMCS/CS-NPs were characterized for various parameters including morphology, particle size (312±7.18nm), zeta potential (+17.4±0.38mV), loading efficiency (57.8±2.54%) and stability under the simulated gastrointestinal (GI) tract conditions in turbot. The in vitro profile showed that the cumulative release of ECPs from nanoparticles was higher in pH 7.4 (58%) than in pH 2.0 (37%) and pH 4.5 (29%) after 48h. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was used as model protein antigen and encapsulated in CMCS/CS-NPs for investigating the biodistribution of antigen after oral delivery to turbot in 24h. Oral immunization of ECPs-loaded CMCS/CS-NPs group in turbot showed elevated specific antibody and higher concentrations of lysozyme activity and complement activity in fish serum than ECPs solution. CMCS/CS-NPs loaded with ECPs could enhance both adaptive and innate immune responses than the group treated with ECPs solution and suggested to be a potential antigen delivery system.
BackgroundNonscar wound healing is a desirable treatment for cutaneous wounds worldwide. Peptide OH-CATH30 (OH30) from king cobra can selectively regulate the innate immunity and create an anti-inflammatory micro-environment which might benefit nonscar wound healing.PurposeTo overcome the enzymatic digestion and control release of OH30, OH30 encapsulated in carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (CMCS-OH30 NP) were prepared and their effects on wound healing were evaluated.MethodsCMCS-OH30 NP were prepared by mild ionic gelation method and properties of the prepared CMCS-OH30 NP were determined by dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation efficiency, stability and release profile of OH30 from prepared CMCS-OH30 NP were determined by HPLC. Cytotoxicity, cell migration and cellular uptake of CMCS-OH30 NP were determined by conventional methods. The effects of prepared CMCS-OH30 NP on the wound healing was investigated by full-thickness excision animal models.ResultsThe release of encapsulated OH30 from prepared CMCS-OH30 NP was maintained for at least 24 h in a controlled manner. CMCSOH30 NP enhanced the cell migration but had no effects on the metabolism and proliferation of keratinocytes. In the full-thickness excision animal models, the CMCS-OH30 NP treatment significantly accelerated the wound healing compared with CMCS or OH30 administration alone. Histopathological examination suggested that CMCS-OH30 NP promoted wound healing by enhancing the granulation tissue formation through the re-epithelialized and neovascularized composition. CMCS-OH30 NP induced a steady anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 expression but downregulated the expressions of several pro-inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionThe prepared biodegradable drug delivery system accelerates the healing and shows better prognosis because of the combined effects of OH30 released from the nanoparticles.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.