Traditional speedup models, such as Amdahl's Law, Gustafson's, and Sun and Ni's models, have helped the research community and industry to better understand the performance capabilities of systems and the parallelizability of applications. Mostly targeting homogeneous hardware platforms or a limited form of processor heterogeneity, these models do not cover newly emerging multi-core heterogeneous architectures. This paper reports novel speedup and energy consumption models based on a more general representation of heterogeneity, called normal form heterogeneity, supporting a wide range of heterogeneous many-core architectures. The modelling method aims to predict system energy efficiency and performance ranges and facilitates research and development for the hardware and system software levels. Extensive experimentation on an off-the-shelf big.LITTLE heterogeneous platform validates the models showing less than 1% error for speedup and less than 4% error for power dissipation. The practical use of the method is demonstrated with a quantitative study of system load balancing efficiency.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Background:The superiority of Intralipid, a long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion versus Lipovenoes, a long-and medium-chain triglyceride (LCT/MCT) emulsion, in reversing local anesthetic-induced cardiac arrest is poorly defined and needs to be determined. Methods:The study included two parts: in experiment A, bupivacaine (20 mg/kg) was injected to produce asystole. Either Intralipid 20% (LCT group, n ϭ 30) or Lipovenoes 20% (LCT/MCT group, n ϭ 30) with epinephrine was infused immediately. Return of spontaneous circulation and recurrence of asystole after resuscitation were recorded. In experiment B, 80 rats using the same model and resuscitation protocol were divided into 10 groups: LCT 0 , LCT 15 , LCT 30, LCT 60 , and LCT 120 and LCT/MCT 0 , LCT/MCT 15 , LCT/ MCT 30 , LCT/MCT 60 , and LCT/MCT 120 (n ϭ 8 each; the subscripts represent respective observation period). LCT 15 -LCT 120 and LCT/MCT 15 -LCT/MCT 120 groups received Intralipid 20% or Lipovenoes 20%, respectively. Plasma and myocardial bupivacaine and triglyceride concentrations, as well as myocardial bioenergetics, were determined.

Networks-on-chip (NoC) is a communication paradigm that has emerged to tackle different on-chip challenges and satisfy different demands in terms of high performance and economical interconnect implementation. However, merely metal-based NoC pursuit offers limited scalability with the relentless technology scaling especially in global communications. To meet the scalability demand, this study proposes a new hybrid architecture empowered by both metal interconnect and Zenneck surface waves interconnects (SWIs). This architecture reduces the NoC average hop count between any communication pairs, which has been reflected as a better average delay and throughput. Furthermore, SWI enables more efficient power dissipation and faster cross the chip signal propagation. The authors' initial results based on a cycle-accurate simulator demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system architecture, such as significant power reduction (23%), large average delay reduction (34%) and higher throughput (35%) compared with regular NoC. These results are achieved with negligible hardware and area overhead. This study explores promising potentials of SWI for future complex global communication.

No abstract

No abstract