The building should be able to provide a comfortable space for users to avoid outside unfavorable climate, so that the activities in it can run optimally. The comfort aspect is one of the important factors in special worship in it. Al-Ahdhar Mosque is a mosque designed by architect Nataneka. This mosque has large openings so that natural lighting and natural ventilation can enter the building. However, it needs to be investigated whether this large opening is enough to influence the lighting conditions and conditions of the Al-Ahdhar mosque. This research was also conducted to find out the relationship between natural lighting and natural ventilation produced and to find out the opinions of respondents to the thermal comfort of the Al-Ahdhar mosque. The method used in this study is field measurements and observations which are then processed quantitatively. The results showed that natural lighting at Al-Ahdhar mosque was 180 lux on the 1st and 128th floors of lux on the 2nd floor, which meant that natural lighting in this mosque still did not meet the standards of 200 lux. Thermal conditions at Al-Ahdhar mosque, the lowest temperature of 240C is found in areas that have openings of 34%. While 80% openings produce temperatures that tend to be higher at 29.20C to 29.60C. Larger openings do not necessarily produce good natural lighting and air conditioning conditions. But keep in mind the location of openings, orientation of openings, and types of openings. The bigger the openings will also include large solar radiation as well.Keywords: natural lighting; natural ventilation; thermal conditions; mosqueAbstrak: Bangunan sebaiknya dapat memberi ruang beraktivitas yang nyaman kepada pengguna agar terhindar dari iklim luar yang tidak menguntungkan, sehingga aktivitas di dalamnya dapat berjalan dengan optimal. Aspek kenyamanan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam kekhusukan beribadah di dalamnya. Masjid Al-Ahdhar merupakan masjid yang didesain oleh arsitek Nataneka. Masjid ini memiliki bukaan yang cukup besar sehingga pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami dapat masuk ke dalam bangunan. Namun, perlu diteliti apakah bukaan yang besar ini cukup berpengaruh terhadap kondisi pencahayaan dan kondisi penghawaan pada masjid Al-Ahdhar. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami yang dihasilkan serta mengetahui pendapat responden terhadap kenyamanan termal masjid Al-Ahdhar. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengukuran lapangan dan observasi yang kemudian diolah secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencahayaan alami pada masjid Al-Ahdhar adalah sebesar 180 lux pada lantai 1 dan 128 lux pada lantai 2 yang berarti pencahayaan alami pada masjid ini masih belum memenuhi standar yaitu sebesar 200 lux. Kondisi thermal pada masjid Al-Ahdhar, suhu terendah yaitu sebesar 240C didapatkan pada area yang memiliki bukaan 34%. Sedangkan bukaan 80% menghasilkan suhu udara yang cenderung lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 29,20C sampai 29,60C. Bukaan yang semakin besar belum tentu menghasilkan kondisi pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami yang baik. Namun perlu diperhatikan letak bukaan, orientasi bukaan, dan jenis bukaan. Semakin besar bukaan juga akan memasukkan radiasi matahari yang besar pula.Kata Kunci: pencahayaan alami; penghawaan alami; kondisi termal; masjid
This article discusses the problems encountered in the preliminary court proceeding of gross human right violation cases in Indonesia. Identified are two state institutions, i.e. the National Human Right Commission and the Attorney General, who possess the authority to initiate investigation and subsequent successful prosecution of gross human right violation cases. Good cooperation and relation between these two agencies is therefore a must. This article looks into the problems encountered by these two institutions in doing the preliminary process and discusses possible redistribution of these two state agency authorities. To do this a doctrinal approach will be used.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat aplikasi kemahasiswaan di Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut yang dapat mempermudah informasi kepada semua mahasiswa mulai dari melihat informasi kegiatan dan informasi beasiswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah rational unified process yang merupakan metodologi pengembangan sistem berbasis objek dengan tahapan-tahapan nya meliputi : inception, elaboration, construction, dan transition. Pemodelan yang digunakan yaitu unified modeling language dengan diagram yang digunakan yaitu use case diagram, activity diagram, sequence diagram, dan class diagram. Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada proses pengajuan proposal dan laporan penanggung jawaban dengan tahapan sampai pada fase construction pada metode perancangan perangkat lunak dan pengujian menggunakan black-box testing. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi kemahasiswaan di Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut, yang diharapkan dapat mempermudah semua mahasiswa untuk melihat informasi tentang kegiatan-kegiatan organisasi.
Presidential Threshold (PT) is a system the legislators have been being held as an instrument in the presidential election system since 2004. Although PT has been stated in the legal product, and justified by the Decision of the Constitution Court, it does not mean that it is a final product. As something that is always moving, it is essential to deconstruct the system. We should really do it when the 2019 General Election was simultaneously carried out. Therefore, the relevance of PT with the concurrent General Election should be re-thought. In this article, the authors would discuss two things, first, the constitutional perspective in recognizing the PT, and also the tract record of its urgency in the formulation of the direct Presidential Election system, second, the democratization aspect in the PT and the 2019 Simultaneous General Election. The research method adopted in this present research was a normative legal research type, studied using two approaches to laws namely conceptual and comparative ones. The data sources used were primary and secondary. Some conclusions are drawn from this research. Firstly, through the constitutional standpoint, the enforcement of the PT instigates a series of the state administrators who infringe upon the souls and spirits residing in the Constitution, and such overruling attitudes are full of certain political interests, as proved by the tract record of the interests in formulating the direct presidential system. Secondly, the implementation of the PT puts aside fundamental values of the democracy, since the regulators easily have disregarded the long journey of the bloody democracy, and have brought about a general election which was unjust and uncompetitive. The solution to the problem the authors try to propose is that the threshold should be removed. The authors recommend the concept "removal" means that such a threshold should be purely erased.
In 2014–2017, there were two tests of the same norms in the Marriage Law, namely the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74 / PUU-XII / 2014 and 22 / PUU-XV / 2017. However, there is a difference in the verdict between one judgment and the next. In Constitutional Court Decision Number 22/PUU-XV/2017, the Constitutional Court changed the previous stance that stated that the age limit norm was constitutional, changing it to unconstitutional, which led to the follow-up of the lawmakers to revise the Marriage Law. This study will compare judges' considerations in the decisions of Constitutional Court Number 74 / PUU-XII / 2014 and Number 22 / PUU-XV / 2017. It will be sought against the Constitutional Court's background changing its stance from one ruling to the next. This research uses normative research methods with a conceptual and philosophical approach to legislation. The results showed that the difference underlying the two rulings was in the excavation of legal sources by judges in their legal considerations.
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