Presidential Threshold (PT) is a system the legislators have been being held as an instrument in the presidential election system since 2004. Although PT has been stated in the legal product, and justified by the Decision of the Constitution Court, it does not mean that it is a final product. As something that is always moving, it is essential to deconstruct the system. We should really do it when the 2019 General Election was simultaneously carried out. Therefore, the relevance of PT with the concurrent General Election should be re-thought. In this article, the authors would discuss two things, first, the constitutional perspective in recognizing the PT, and also the tract record of its urgency in the formulation of the direct Presidential Election system, second, the democratization aspect in the PT and the 2019 Simultaneous General Election. The research method adopted in this present research was a normative legal research type, studied using two approaches to laws namely conceptual and comparative ones. The data sources used were primary and secondary. Some conclusions are drawn from this research. Firstly, through the constitutional standpoint, the enforcement of the PT instigates a series of the state administrators who infringe upon the souls and spirits residing in the Constitution, and such overruling attitudes are full of certain political interests, as proved by the tract record of the interests in formulating the direct presidential system. Secondly, the implementation of the PT puts aside fundamental values of the democracy, since the regulators easily have disregarded the long journey of the bloody democracy, and have brought about a general election which was unjust and uncompetitive. The solution to the problem the authors try to propose is that the threshold should be removed. The authors recommend the concept "removal" means that such a threshold should be purely erased.
Indonesia is a state of law and is based on popular sovereignty based on the 1945 Constitution, as determined in Article 1 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3). The People's Consultative Assembly is the executor of people's sovereignty. The shifting of the position of this institution from the highest institution to a higher institution also had an impact on the position of other institutions. This research aims to analyze the concept of limited changes in the Basic Law related to re-entering the State Outlines into the authority of the People's Consultative Assembly and its implications. This study uses a doctrinal (normative) legal approach. Primary legal material, namely the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 12 of 2011 as amended by Law Number 15 of 2019 concerning Formation of Legislation. Based on anasilis and discussion of the problem, the results of this study can be stated, namely: First, the conception of limited changes to the Constitution. Second, the consequence of the re-inclusion of the concept of compiling Outlines of State Policy as the territory of the People's ConsultativeAssembly's authority.
The problem currently being faced is the occurrence of pipe leakage due to corrosion under insulation. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the specifications and ways of applying high-density calcium silicate insulation material as a substitute for rock wool mineral insulation material that has been used since the beginning of the refinery construction. This research method used the application research method with the case study approach method, which is a case study of pipe leakage problems due to corrosion under insulation. The results showed that the emergence of corrosion problems under insulation was due to rock wool mineral material storing and depositing water in the insulation. The observations also showed that after the insulation was replaced, the temperature of the steam fluid in the piping increased by 9-14°C and the results of observation through widow inspection revealed that the calcium silicate condition remained dry and the piping condition did not indicate corrosion. The results of this study indicated that high-density calcium silicate material was suitable and also recommends corrosion control under insulation by replacing rock wool mineral material into high-density calcium silicate.
This paper showcases a potential solution to improve soil bearing capacity using tire-derived-geo-cylinder (TDGC). TDGC uses used tires to provide confining pressure and tensile strength, hence improving the soil’s bearing capacity. The solution is applied for a haul road project on Jalan Sikar Penajam Paser. The site is frequently passed by large vehicles such as large trucks for the transportation of wooden logs and other heavy equipment. The tires used for TDGC are used tires of type LT245/75R16, which has a standard rim of 16 mm, a tire width of 248 mm, and an overall diameter of 780 mm. This category of tires has a load index of 1250-1600 kg. The load index is the value representing the tire's capacity to withstand load. The improvement in bearing capacity is evaluated using dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) tests. In addition, the DCP tests were also used to interpret the Californian Bearing Ratio (CBR) values. The results show that without TDGC, the average CBR value is only 4.7%. In contrast, with TDGC, the average CBR increased to 17.2%, an increase of 265%. The CBR value obtained with TDGC places the soil into fair category for Subbase course. The average bearing capacity value obtained before TDGC was about 75 kN/m2 and with TDGC, the soil experienced a significant increase in bearing capacity value to 245 kN/m2. The increase of bearing capacity and CBR value from application of TDGC are due to the combination of the tires and stone fill. The tires provide tensile strength to resist lateral soil pressure as well as increased confining pressure, hence increasing the compressive strength.
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