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Systematic variation of electric shock, hunger, thirst and the approach-avoidance conflict which had previously been shown capable of producing gastric ulcers in rats indicated (a) conflict to be a significant variable, (b) hunger and shock to contribute significantly in interaction, (c) thirst to fail of significance, and (d) that though weight loss is significantly related to the hunger, thirst and shock variables, it was not directly related to ulcer formation.

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40 male hooded rats were used in an investigation concerning the relation of social experience to ulcer formation in a long-term approach-avoidance conflict situation. The hypotheses were: "1. Animals placed in the conflict situation alone are less resistant to ulceration than animals tested with other animals present. 2. Animals reared in isolation are less resistant to ulceration than animals reared together. 3. Interaction effects between these 2 sets of conditions exist." The first hypothesis was confirmed at the .01 level; the second and third hypotheses were not confirmed, probably owing to the limitations in the sensitivity of the experimental procedures. 21 references.

Four men, ages 44—60, repeated daily work experiments in the heat by which they had demonstrated on themselves rapid acclimatization to work in a hot climate 21 years earlier. The work, heat stress, and duration of exposure were those originally found to cause marked hyperpyrexia and circulatory strain in unacclimatized men (mean age 31 years) on the 1st day in the heat. Under these conditions, the subjects sweated at 1.3— 1.5 kg/hr. Tolerance of the men on the 1st day of exposure was no less than when they were younger. Body temperatures and heart rates of the older men were lowered in successive days of exposure and the work was judged progressively easier. Final values of body temperature reached after 5—7 days of exposure were about the same as observed originally after the same number of exposures. Thus, these older men exhibited about the same degree of strain during work in the heat as they did 21 years earlier and acclimatized about as well. aging; hyperthermia Submitted on October 1, 1964

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