<p>The Role of Growth Regulator in Tissue Culture Plant<br />Propagation. Endang G. Lestari. In plant tissue culture,<br />growth regulator has significant roles such as to control root<br />and shoot development in the plant formation and callus<br />induction. Cytokinin and auxin are two prominent growth<br />regulator. Cytokinin consists of BA (benzil adenin), kinetin<br />(furfuril amino purin), 2-Ip (dimethyl allyl amino purin), and<br />zeatin. While auksin covers IAA (indone acetic acid), NAA<br />(napthalene acetic acid), IBA (indole butiric acid) 2.4-D (2.4-<br />dicholophenoxy acetic acid), dicamba (3,6 dicloro-O-anisic<br />acid), and picloram (4-amino 3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid).<br />The emphasis of plant growth purposes decide the use of<br />growth regulator. Cytokinin is applied mainly for the purpose<br />of shoot, while auxin is mainly used for the purpose of root<br />and callus. The application of growth regulator application is<br />varied, depending on the genotype and physiological<br />condition of the plant. The existence of a certain growth<br />regulating substances can enhance growth regulator activity<br />of other substances. The type and concentration of the<br />appropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the same<br />because it depends on the genotype and physiological<br />condition of plant tissue. However so often both are<br />frequently required depend on the ratio/ratio of auxin<br />cytokines or vice versa. The existence of a certain growth<br />regulating substances can enhance growth regulator activity<br />of other substances. The type and concentration of the<br />appropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the same<br />because it depends on the genotype and physiological<br />condition of plant tissue. For the propagation, multiple and<br />adventive shoots along with embriosomatic formation could<br />be applied. The seedling is obtained from one somatic cell.<br />Here, strong auxin, such as dicamba and picloram 2.4-D, is<br />utilized for callus production. For this reason, seedling per<br />unit could be produced more than that of organogenesis.</p>
As an alternative technology, plant improvement through somaclonal variation is expected to support conventional breeding. New superior variants with a better performance and more attractive texture could be obtained through this method. To enhance genetic variation, both physical and chemical treatments such as gamma ray (Co 60) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) compound could be applied. In particular for vegetative propagated plants, in vitro induced mutation is the most effective method to improve variation. For obtaining the desired characteristic of plant, in vitro selection is the best method due to its capability to manipulate the variation to the expected result. Therefore, by applying the selection agent to the media, plant tolerance to both abiotic and biotic could be acquired. Generally, the tolerance at the callus level at the specific selection agent is positively correlated with the tolerance at the plant level. At this point, PEG (polyethylene glycol) and manitol is chemical compound useful for drought tolerance, fusaric or filtrate is for fusarium wilt, A1Cl 3. 6H 2 O is for Al tolerance.
ABSTRAKTanaman air adalah bagian penting dari ekosistem air tawar. Salah satu spesies yang terkenal adalah Bacopa australis. Hobiis aquascape saat ini memiliki ketertarikan tinggi terhadap tanaman air dengan kualitas yang bagus dari setiap spesiesnya. Metode perbanyakan tanaman air tanpa tanah, lahan pertanian dan air perlu dilakukan untuk memenuhi keinginan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula media kultur jaringan dan zat pengatur tumbuh yang tepat untuk multiplikasi dalam perakitan mother plant (tanaman induk) Bacopa australis, serta mendapatkan media terbaik untuk aklimatisasi. Media yang digunakan adalah media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) A padat dengan perbedaan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh. Perlakuan uji dalam kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh (a) 0,50 mg/L BAP + 0,50 mg/L kinetin; (b) 0,50 mg/L BAP; dan (c) 0,50 mg/L 2,4-D. Aklimatisasi tanaman induk dilakukan pada berbagai media antara lain 1) pasir silika + pupuk aqua soil amazonia, 2). pasir malang + pupuk aqua soil amazonia, 3) pasir silika + pupuk cair; 4) pasir malang + pupuk. Hasil yang diperoleh, yaitu formula media kultur terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas tanaman B. australis secara in-vitro adalah media MS (A) yang diperkaya dengan 0,5 mg/L BAP + 0,5 mg/L kinetin, sedangkan aklimatisasi terbaik pada media pasir malang + pupuk aqua soil amazonia.KATA KUNCI: Bacopa australis; in-vitro; tanaman induk; zat pengatur tumbuh; media aklimatisasi ABSTRACT:The
Plant response to drought stress depends on the physiological and biochemical response of the individual plant. Plant resistant toward the drought stress is controlled by so many genes that identification toward the drought stress resistant plant could use one or several characters related to drought. In order to find out the relationship between stomata density and the drought stress resistant plant, observation on the stomata density at the lower leave epidermis of various rice (Oryza sativa L.) somaclones originated from radiated callus using gamma ray. The observed varieties are Gajahmungkur, Towuti, and IR 64. The plant observed is the ones selected drought resistant by using PEG, root penetration test to paraffin layer, and proline content test. Stomata density observation on several somaclone shows that the radiation treatment to the three varieties may change the stomata width, length and density. Stomata with the lower density than the control shows the higher resistant to the drought viewed from the variable of filled grain, at the stress treatment given in the experiment. Gajahmungkur variety, which is basically higher land rice, has the lower density of stomata than that of Towuti and IR 64. In conclusion, the stomata density can be applied as one indicator on the stress resistant level of rice.
ABSTRAK Suksesnya pembentukan indukan (mother plant) tanaman hias air Bacopa australis pada penelitian sebelumnya, mendorong perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan teknik kultur in vitro secara massal untuk menghasilkan bibit Bacopa australis dalam jumlah yang banyak dan relatif lebih cepat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan formulasi media yang tepat untuk induksi tunas, multiplikasi tunas, dan induksi perakaran yang cepat secara in vitro dari Bacopa australis. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahapan kegiatan, yaitu induksi tunas, multiplikasi tunas, dan induksi akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi media yang terbaik induksi tunas Bacopa australis secara in vitro adalah MS + BA 0,3 mg/L. Formulasi media yang optimal untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah MS + BA 0,5 mg/L + Thidiazuron 0,1 mg/L dan induksi perakaran adalah MS + IBA 0,5 mg/L. KATA KUNCI: Bacopa australis; benzil adenin; indole butyric acid; perbanyakan tanaman; thidiazuron ABSTRACT: In vitro propagation of ornamental aquatic plants Bacopa australis in various growth hormon medium. By: Rossa Yunita, Endang Gati Lestari, Mastur, and Media Fitri Isma NugrahaThe successful establishment of mother plant Bacopa australis in the previously related research opens an opportunity to produce relatively fast and in large quantities Bacopa australis seeds using in vitro mass culture techniques. The objective of the study was to determine suitable formulated media for shoot induction, shoot multiplication, and root induction of Bacopa australis. This study consisted of three research stages, namely shoot induction, shoot multiplication, and root induction. The results showed that the best formulated media for in vitro Bacopa australis shoot induction was MS + BA 0.3 mg/L. The optimal formulated media for shoot multiplication was MS + BA 0.5 mg/L + Thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L and for root induction was MS + IBA 0.5 mg/L.
ABSTRAK PerbaikanTanaman Melalui Kombinasi Variasi Somaklonal dan Mutagenesis. Endang G. Lestari. Perbaikan tanaman melalui mutgenesis dapat mengubah satu atau lebih sifat-sifat atau karakter tertentu pada tanaman dalam upaya memperbaiki mutu tanaman. Kultur jaringan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi teknik dan mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman melalui pembentukan keragaman diikuti seleksi dan multiplikasi genotipe yang diperoleh. Pada tanaman yang diperbanyak secara vegetatif, kombinasi perlakuan mutasi dan variasi somaklonal sangat efektif dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Pada tanaman yang diperbanyak melalui biji, kombinasi dengan kultur antera untuk pembentukan tanaman dihaploid sangat menjanjikan. Teknik tersebut dapat mempersingkat program pemuliaan, karena dari keragaman dalam populasi yang ada dapat dilakukan seleksi dan pembentukan genotipe dihaploid serta multiplikasi pada genotipe terpilih yang diinginkan.Kata kunci: Mutasi, perbaikan tanaman, variasi somaklonal. ABSTRACT Combination of Somaclonal Variation and Mutagenesisfor Crop Improvement. Endang G. Lestari. Mutation-based plant improvement, which changes one or a few specific traits of a cultivar, can contribute to crop improvement. Tissue culture increases the efficiency of mutagenic treatment to induce variations. In vitro culture in combination with induced mutation can speed up the breeding program by generating variability, followed by selection and multiplication of the desired genotypes. In many vegetative propagated crops, mutation induction in combination with in vitro culture techniques can be the most effective method for plant improvement. In seed propagated species, the application of mutation coupled with doubled haploid systems seems to be highly promising in crop improvement. This approach speeds up the breeding program through generation of variability followed by selection of homozygousity and rapid multiplication of desired genotypes.
<p>Kultur jaringan tanaman merupakan teknik menumbuhkan organ<br />jaringan ataupun sel tanaman pada media kultur dalam kondisi<br />aseptik. Keberhasilan pembentukan tunas dalam kultur jaringan<br />bergantung pada berbagai faktor, antara lain media tumbuh, jenis<br />dan kondisi fisiologis eksplan, serta zat pengatur tumbuh yang<br />digunakan. Proliferasi tunas pada tanaman berkayu biasanya sangat<br />lambat, sedangkan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh sitokinin dari<br />golongan benzil adenin dan kinetin belum dapat memacu<br />pembentukan tunas secara optimal. Penemuan senyawa baru<br />thidiazuron pada tahun 1976 dapat mengatasi proliferasi tunas pada<br />berbagai tanaman, khususnya tanaman berkayu. Thidiazuron<br />merupakan senyawa kimia yang mempunyai aktivitas hampir sama<br />dengan sitokinin, yaitu dapat meningkatkan proliferasi tunas dan<br />pembentukan embrio somatik. Thidiazuron mempunyai aktivitas<br />tinggi pada konsentrasi rendah, yaitu sekitar 0,1-0,5 mg/l.<br />Pemanfaatan thidiazuron dalam penelitian kultur jaringan terus<br />meningkat yang dapat dilihat dari jumlah publikasi yang<br />diterbitkan. Data ISI Web Science menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun<br />1992 terdapat 45 hasil penelitian tentang thidiazuron, tahun 2005<br />sebanyak 80 publikasi, dan tahun 2009 meningkat menjadi 100<br />publikasi.</p>
In Vitro Culture Application in the form of Somaclonal Variation Combined with Mutagen Introduction for Plant Improvement. Fatmawati is a new type of rice potentially to be developed. The development of this new type of rice in various places of West Java, Central Java and Lampung is often hampered by the blast disease causing the empty grain resulted in the harvest failure. Hence, from January to December 2007. The Indonesia Research Institute for rice in cooperation with Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development conducted research aimed at improving the quality of Fatmawati type of rice through somaclonal variation by mutative induction. In this research, the calli were treated with 1-50 gy gamma ray prior to its regeneration. The shoots produced by this regeneration were then acclimatized in the green house until the production stage. All 342 somaclone lines were sub-sequently tested on its endurance against leaf blast disease using three races of blast isolate namely 001, 033, and 173. The research yielded 21 somaclone lines which were absolutely tolerant to blast disease. These new somaclones were then planted in the green house for further morphological and agronomical observation.
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