Background: Covid-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic. Together with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, Covid-19 is a large global outbreak of coronavirus infection; however, its rate of spread is much higher. Since the vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 have not been found, a faster control mechanism is needed. Traditional herbs have shown the potential for this purpose, as has been demonstrated by the Chinese Government with a high success rate. One of the herbs used was Lindera aggregata, which is part of the collection in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Objectives: Through in silico study, this research aims to reveal the secondary metabolites contained in L. aggregata that have the potential to serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 medication as well as showcase their inhibitory mechanisms. Methods: The research was conducted through molecular docking analysis of terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, with target proteins 3CLpro, PLpro, Spike, and ACE 2 playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Result: All analyzed compounds tended to interact with all four target proteins with different binding affinity values, but the interaction seemed stronger with 3CLpro and Spike. Terpenoids, linderane and linderalactone, had the strongest interaction tendency with 3CLpro, PLpro, and Spike; the compound norboldine, an alkaloid, had the strongest interaction with ACE 2, with a binding affinity value of -8.2 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, which caused inhibition of adsorption and replication of SARS-CoV-2, could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2.

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The effect of gibberellin at multiplication stage on somatic embryo growth and maturation and plantlet regeneration of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) var. Batu 55 was assessed. Somatic embryo at globular phase was cultured on MT media + 30 gL -1 sucrose and various concentrations of gibberellin (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm). The somatic embryo was maturated on MT media + 500 ppm malt extract + 73 mM sorbitol + 73 mM galactose. Cotyledonary somatic embryo was regenerated into plantlet on MT media + 500 ppm malt extract + 30 gL -1 sucrose + 2 ppm GA 3 . The results showed that the addition of gibberellin in somatic embryo multiplication stage increased somatic embryo growth and maturation and plantlet regeneration of tangerine. Optimum concentration of gibberellin needed for somatic embryo growth was 4 ppm which yielded two-fold fresh weight compared to control. The percentage of maturation was very low below 5%. The addition of gibberellin in media at embryo multiplication stage slightly increased the percentage of maturation about 1-2%. Thirty percent of cotyledonary embryo was able to regenerate into plantlet. The addition of gibberellin in media at embryo multiplication stage increased the regeneration percentage, even the addition of 8 ppm gibberelline yielded regeneration percentage up to 70%.

Purwodadi Botanic Garden (KR Purwodadi) is an ex situ conservation institution for dry climate lowland plants aiming at saving and protecting biodiversity from extinction. In supporting ex situ conservation efforts, plant exploration activities in their natural habitat need to be carried out. Alas Purwo National Park has a lowland forest area with abundant plant diversity. In addition to functioning as a conservation forest, this area is also a natural and religious tourist attraction, so it is likely to undergo ecosystem damage. Therefore, this plant diversity study with the activity of plants exploration and collection was carried out for the purpose of ex situ conservation in KR Purwodadi. This study was conducted in August to September 2019 using an explorative method. A total of 24 species were obtained, of which 8 species were not yet cultivated by KR Purwodadi. Besides, there were 5 species included in the IUCN red list, namely Aglaonema simplex, Brucea javanica, Cycas rumphii, Melanolepis multiglandulosa, and Musa acuminata. This study has increased the number of plant collections in KR Purwodadi and contribute positively to the comprehensiveness of plant species data in Alas Purwo National Park.

<p>Tumbuhan telah dikenal sebagai sumber obat alami yang dapat menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas biomedik. Tumbuhan paku merupakan kelompok tumbuhan tertua di bumi yang memiliki lebih dari 12.000 jenis. Tumbuhan paku mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi obat berdasarkan<br />studi etnobotani dan farmakologi. Sebanyak 20 suku dan 38 marga tumbuhan paku dikoleksi dan dikonservasi secara ex situ oleh Kebun Raya (KR) Purwodadi. Nephrolepis merupakan salah satu marga dari koleksi tumbuhan paku KR Purwodadi dengan jumlah spesimen paling banyak. Nephrolepis termasuk kelompok tumbuhan paku epifit atau setengah epifit yang daunnya tersusun<br />menyirip tunggal seperti pedang. Selama ini Nephrolepis hanya dikenal sebagai bahan sayuran dan tanaman hias oleh masyarakat. Namun belum ada informasi mengenai potensi obat dari koleksi Nephrolepis tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengarakterisasi potensi koleksi Nephrolepis di KR Purwodadi sebagai tanaman obat. Metode yang<br />digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah inventarisasi data dari Sistem Informasi Katalog Koleksi Tanaman (SIKATAN), pengamatan langsung di rumah kaca, dan studi etnomedisin dan fitokimia berdasarkan literatur. Berdasarkan hasil inventarisasi, telah diperoleh 36 spesimen yang termasuk dalam 6 jenis Nephrolepis. Spesimen tersebut memiliki potensi mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, baik yang telah dikenal dalam pengobatan tradisional maupun dari hasil penelitian. Koleksi Nephrolepis tersebut mengandung berbagai senyawa, seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi, di antaranya antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antivirus, dan antikanker. Di samping itu, jenis N. cordifolia merupakan koleksi yang paling potensial<br />sebagai obat karena bagian daun, rimpang, hingga umbinya memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antikanker, antimalaria, dan antioksidan.</p>

Bauhinia winitii Craib (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) is a woody climber which is currently included in endangered species list. B. winitii seeds are orthodox seeds in which it has hard coat morphologically. Therefore, B. winitii seeds often undergo physical dormancy which can be broken through immersion in certain liquid media. This study aimed to characterize the morphology of B. winitii seeds and determine the pre-sowing treatment method to accelerate the seeds germination of B. winitii. External morphological characterization was carried out by observing the seeds quantitative and qualitative parameters. Characterization of seeds internal morphology was conducted using a digital microscope. Physical dormancy breaking was carried out by immersion in warm and cold water for 24 hours. Morphological characterization data were analyzed descriptively, while seed germination data were analyzed quantitatively by using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test (with  confidence level of 95%). B. winitii has pod-shaped fruits with 2-6 seeds per pod, the seeds are 1.36 cm x 1 cm in size, 0.47 cm thick and weighed 0.5 g, oblong to conical in shape, smooth and shine surface, with light to dark brown in color. Seeds immersion treatment in warm water could break the physical dormancy of B. winitii seeds thus 63% of the seeds were able to germinate and it was significantly different compared to control and cold water immersion treatment. Technical to germinate B. winitii seed can be known from pre-sowing treatment. This study can be used as a reference for seed identification and germination technical of B. winitii seed.

BromoTenggerSemeruNationalPark(BTSNP)isoneofnaturalconservationareasinEastJavawitharound1,025plantspecies.Impatiensplatypetala,locallyknownaspacartere,isaplantspeciesmostlybefoundinmountainousareasofJavaandwithhighpotentialasmedicinalandornamentalplant.However,researchonthisspeciesisstilllimited.Thisstudywasconductedtoinventory,describethemorphologicalcharacteristicsandtesttheseedviabilityofpacartereinfourresortsofBTSNP,namelyRPTNGunungPenanjakan,CobanTrisula,Senduro,andRanuDarungan.Surveymethodwasusedtoinventorytheplantpopulations.Directfieldobservationwasusedtocharacterizetheplantmorphology.Seedsviabilitytestwasconductedthroughgerminationonstrawpapermedia.TheresultsshowedthatpacarterepopulationswerefoundinthosefourBTSNPresorts,onshadeandhumidhabitats,alsoinopenareaswithwetsoilconditions.Theplantischaracterizedasanerectparennialherb,spursedpinkflower,capsulafruitwhichdehiscentwhenripe,withflattenedcone-shapedandsmoothhairyseeds.Seedgerminationtestshowedthattheseedsbegantogerminateonday5aftersowing(around20sprouts/day),epigealtype,withpercentageofgerminationandviabilitywas56%and90%respectively.ResultsofthisstudyareexpectedtoprovidebasicinformationtosupporttheconservationeffortsofI.platypetalabothin-situandex-situ(seedandlivingplant),alsoitspropagationeffortsforfurtherbioprospectingresearches

Wild bananas provide important genetic materials for further banana improvement, therefore they need to be conserved and studied. This study aimed to describe morphological characteristics of plant and seed and also to study the seed germination of wild banana M. acuminata var. flava (Ridl.) Nasution. The morphological characteristics were observed descriptively by referring to the descriptor for banana. The internal and external morphology of the seeds were observed using a digital microscope. The germination testing was carried out by a completely randomized design, using fresh seeds extracted from a bunch of fruits with two ripeness levels i.e. fully-ripe (yellow peel) and under-ripe (green-yellow peel). The data resulted was then analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed that M. acuminata var. flava is characterized as a perennial herb; pseudostem height ≥3 m; male bud like a top with prominent green-yellow bracts; fruit curved and tasted mild-sweet when ripe. The seed is angular with wrinkled surface, and dark brown-black color when ripe. The longitudinal section showed parts of the seeds comprising the seed coat, outer and inner integument, embryo, endosperm, chalazal mass, micropyle cap and channel. The seeds are classified as orthodox, with hypogeal type and gradual germination pattern. The seeds extracted from fully-ripe fruit germinated faster with higher germination percentage and growth variables (root number and plant height). Thus, it is suggested to use physiologically mature seeds (seeds from fully-ripe fruits) which should be separated from the seeds of under-ripe fruits to lower the heterogeneity.