Background: Covid-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic. Together with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, Covid-19 is a large global outbreak of coronavirus infection; however, its rate of spread is much higher. Since the vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 have not been found, a faster control mechanism is needed. Traditional herbs have shown the potential for this purpose, as has been demonstrated by the Chinese Government with a high success rate. One of the herbs used was Lindera aggregata, which is part of the collection in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Objectives: Through in silico study, this research aims to reveal the secondary metabolites contained in L. aggregata that have the potential to serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 medication as well as showcase their inhibitory mechanisms. Methods: The research was conducted through molecular docking analysis of terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, with target proteins 3CLpro, PLpro, Spike, and ACE 2 playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Result: All analyzed compounds tended to interact with all four target proteins with different binding affinity values, but the interaction seemed stronger with 3CLpro and Spike. Terpenoids, linderane and linderalactone, had the strongest interaction tendency with 3CLpro, PLpro, and Spike; the compound norboldine, an alkaloid, had the strongest interaction with ACE 2, with a binding affinity value of -8.2 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, which caused inhibition of adsorption and replication of SARS-CoV-2, could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2.

This current study is an ethnoecological study on land use for plant diversity by the Sasak people in Mandalika, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Interview and direct observation methods were implemented. The study areas included the villages of Kuta, Mertak, and Sengkol. The results indicated four main groups of land: Leleah (a yard or home garden), bangket (rice fields, including the bangket gora; rice fields nurtured by rainfalls), kebon (gardens, including kebon kayo or garden of woody plants and kebon elalo or garden of crops), and gawah (forests, including gawah mali or sacred forests). This study results showed that despite the stress of a constantly changing environment and various restrictions and limitations, the ethnoecological knowledge in local wisdom is still maintained well.

The study was conducted in Batulanteh District, Sumbawa regency, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara, which is aimed to reveal the knowledge of the Samawa people on the diversity of useful plants and their uses. It documented 111 plant species, in which 47.5% are used as traditional medicine. Also, the sudy found that wild honey bees (Apis dorsata) is having a conspicuous association with plants in producing natural honey, which plays an important role in the local economy. The interviews with selected respondents showed that the Samawa people totally understand the importance of forest conservation in relation with the existence of the honey bees’ life.

AbstrakKebun Raya Cibodas (KRC) merupakan kawasan konservasi tumbuhan secara ex-situ yang berfokus untuk mengkonservasi tumbuhan dataran tinggi basah, mencakup tumbuhan langka dan tumbuhan bermanfaat.  Salah satu koleksi penting KRC adalah koleksi tumbuhan paku yang telah diketahui memiliki beragam manfaat, seperti sumber obat. Akan tetapi, potensinya sebagai sumber obat belum pernah dikaji lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan inventarisasi dan analisis terhadap koleksi tumbuhan paku KRC yang bernilai obat berdasarkan kajian literatur yang terkait dengan etnomedisin. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, sebanyak 38 jenis dari 29 marga dan 22 suku dari koleksi tumbuhan paku KRC telah diketahui manfaatnya sebagai obat. Suku Athyriaceae memiliki perwakilan jenis paling banyak yang memiliki khasiat obat, yaitu lima jenis. Terdapat 20 jenis koleksi tumbuhan paku KRC paling umum digunakan sebagai obat penutup luka dan penyakit akibat infeksi parasit. Daun dari 18 jenis merupakan bagian yang paling sering digunakan untuk pengobatan. Koleksi tumbuhan paku KRC berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber obat di masa mendatang. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan untuk mengembangkan potensi tersebut, antara lain perbanyakan koleksi dan uji aktivitas farmakologi senyawa aktif.Abstract Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) is an ex-situ plant conservation area that focuses on the conservation of mountain wet plants, including rare and useful plants. One of the important collections of CBG is ferns and lycophytes which have various benefits, such as a medicinal source. However, its potential as a medicinal source has not been studied further. This study aims to conduct an inventory and analysis of CBG’s ferns and lycophytes collection that have medicinal potential based on literature related to ethnomedicin. The results showed that CBG has 38 species, 29 genera, and 22 families of ferns and lycophytes collection that have known as medicine. The Athyriaceae group has the most representative species of medicinal properties, which are about five species. There are 20 species of CBG’s ferns and lycophytes collection were most commonly found as medicine for wounds and infectious diseases. The leaves from 18 species of ferns and lycophytes collection are most frequently used for disease medication. The CBG’s ferns and lycophytes collection has great potential to be developed as medicinal sources in the future. Various efforts are needed to develop the potential of ferns and lycophytes collection, such as increasing collections and studying the pharmacological activity of their active compounds.

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CBG’s plant collection managed and displayed in the garden based on the taxonomic classification system and thematic system. Plant collection that managed as a thematic system displayed and managed as a thematic garden. The aim of this study is to conduct an inventory study of CBG medicinal thematic garden collections and to do a literature study about the potential medicinal use of plant collection in CBG medicinal thematic gardens. Data collected through surveyed, checked and validated in the information system of CBG plants data collection from CBG Registration Unit. Recorded medicinal use of surveyed plant collection was identified by the literature study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result of the study showed that there were 26 species from 23 genera and 22 families of medicinal plant species in CBG medicinal thematic garden. Based on ICD-10-WHO, CBG medicinal plant collections can treat 14 ICD-10-WHO diseases. From these 14 diseases, eight diseases can be treated by five CBG medicinal plant collections. These species were utilized as a medicinal plant by using part of the plant (root, leaves, bark, flowers, fruit, seeds, sap) or the whole plant through pounded or boiled processing, and mixed it with other ingredients.

<p>Tumbuhan telah dikenal sebagai sumber obat alami yang dapat menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas biomedik. Tumbuhan paku merupakan kelompok tumbuhan tertua di bumi yang memiliki lebih dari 12.000 jenis. Tumbuhan paku mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi obat berdasarkan<br />studi etnobotani dan farmakologi. Sebanyak 20 suku dan 38 marga tumbuhan paku dikoleksi dan dikonservasi secara ex situ oleh Kebun Raya (KR) Purwodadi. Nephrolepis merupakan salah satu marga dari koleksi tumbuhan paku KR Purwodadi dengan jumlah spesimen paling banyak. Nephrolepis termasuk kelompok tumbuhan paku epifit atau setengah epifit yang daunnya tersusun<br />menyirip tunggal seperti pedang. Selama ini Nephrolepis hanya dikenal sebagai bahan sayuran dan tanaman hias oleh masyarakat. Namun belum ada informasi mengenai potensi obat dari koleksi Nephrolepis tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengarakterisasi potensi koleksi Nephrolepis di KR Purwodadi sebagai tanaman obat. Metode yang<br />digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah inventarisasi data dari Sistem Informasi Katalog Koleksi Tanaman (SIKATAN), pengamatan langsung di rumah kaca, dan studi etnomedisin dan fitokimia berdasarkan literatur. Berdasarkan hasil inventarisasi, telah diperoleh 36 spesimen yang termasuk dalam 6 jenis Nephrolepis. Spesimen tersebut memiliki potensi mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, baik yang telah dikenal dalam pengobatan tradisional maupun dari hasil penelitian. Koleksi Nephrolepis tersebut mengandung berbagai senyawa, seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi, di antaranya antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antivirus, dan antikanker. Di samping itu, jenis N. cordifolia merupakan koleksi yang paling potensial<br />sebagai obat karena bagian daun, rimpang, hingga umbinya memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antikanker, antimalaria, dan antioksidan.</p>

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