Background: Covid-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic. Together with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, Covid-19 is a large global outbreak of coronavirus infection; however, its rate of spread is much higher. Since the vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 have not been found, a faster control mechanism is needed. Traditional herbs have shown the potential for this purpose, as has been demonstrated by the Chinese Government with a high success rate. One of the herbs used was Lindera aggregata, which is part of the collection in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Objectives: Through in silico study, this research aims to reveal the secondary metabolites contained in L. aggregata that have the potential to serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 medication as well as showcase their inhibitory mechanisms. Methods: The research was conducted through molecular docking analysis of terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, with target proteins 3CLpro, PLpro, Spike, and ACE 2 playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Result: All analyzed compounds tended to interact with all four target proteins with different binding affinity values, but the interaction seemed stronger with 3CLpro and Spike. Terpenoids, linderane and linderalactone, had the strongest interaction tendency with 3CLpro, PLpro, and Spike; the compound norboldine, an alkaloid, had the strongest interaction with ACE 2, with a binding affinity value of -8.2 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, which caused inhibition of adsorption and replication of SARS-CoV-2, could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2.
<p>Tumbuhan telah dikenal sebagai sumber obat alami yang dapat menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas biomedik. Tumbuhan paku merupakan kelompok tumbuhan tertua di bumi yang memiliki lebih dari 12.000 jenis. Tumbuhan paku mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi obat berdasarkan<br />studi etnobotani dan farmakologi. Sebanyak 20 suku dan 38 marga tumbuhan paku dikoleksi dan dikonservasi secara ex situ oleh Kebun Raya (KR) Purwodadi. Nephrolepis merupakan salah satu marga dari koleksi tumbuhan paku KR Purwodadi dengan jumlah spesimen paling banyak. Nephrolepis termasuk kelompok tumbuhan paku epifit atau setengah epifit yang daunnya tersusun<br />menyirip tunggal seperti pedang. Selama ini Nephrolepis hanya dikenal sebagai bahan sayuran dan tanaman hias oleh masyarakat. Namun belum ada informasi mengenai potensi obat dari koleksi Nephrolepis tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengarakterisasi potensi koleksi Nephrolepis di KR Purwodadi sebagai tanaman obat. Metode yang<br />digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah inventarisasi data dari Sistem Informasi Katalog Koleksi Tanaman (SIKATAN), pengamatan langsung di rumah kaca, dan studi etnomedisin dan fitokimia berdasarkan literatur. Berdasarkan hasil inventarisasi, telah diperoleh 36 spesimen yang termasuk dalam 6 jenis Nephrolepis. Spesimen tersebut memiliki potensi mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, baik yang telah dikenal dalam pengobatan tradisional maupun dari hasil penelitian. Koleksi Nephrolepis tersebut mengandung berbagai senyawa, seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi, di antaranya antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antivirus, dan antikanker. Di samping itu, jenis N. cordifolia merupakan koleksi yang paling potensial<br />sebagai obat karena bagian daun, rimpang, hingga umbinya memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi, antimikroba, antikanker, antimalaria, dan antioksidan.</p>
Purwodadi Botanic Garden (KR Purwodadi) is an ex situ conservation institution for dry climate lowland plants aiming at saving and protecting biodiversity from extinction. In supporting ex situ conservation efforts, plant exploration activities in their natural habitat need to be carried out. Alas Purwo National Park has a lowland forest area with abundant plant diversity. In addition to functioning as a conservation forest, this area is also a natural and religious tourist attraction, so it is likely to undergo ecosystem damage. Therefore, this plant diversity study with the activity of plants exploration and collection was carried out for the purpose of ex situ conservation in KR Purwodadi. This study was conducted in August to September 2019 using an explorative method. A total of 24 species were obtained, of which 8 species were not yet cultivated by KR Purwodadi. Besides, there were 5 species included in the IUCN red list, namely Aglaonema simplex, Brucea javanica, Cycas rumphii, Melanolepis multiglandulosa, and Musa acuminata. This study has increased the number of plant collections in KR Purwodadi and contribute positively to the comprehensiveness of plant species data in Alas Purwo National Park.
BromoTenggerSemeruNationalPark(BTSNP)isoneofnaturalconservationareasinEastJavawitharound1,025plantspecies.Impatiensplatypetala,locallyknownaspacartere,isaplantspeciesmostlybefoundinmountainousareasofJavaandwithhighpotentialasmedicinalandornamentalplant.However,researchonthisspeciesisstilllimited.Thisstudywasconductedtoinventory,describethemorphologicalcharacteristicsandtesttheseedviabilityofpacartereinfourresortsofBTSNP,namelyRPTNGunungPenanjakan,CobanTrisula,Senduro,andRanuDarungan.Surveymethodwasusedtoinventorytheplantpopulations.Directfieldobservationwasusedtocharacterizetheplantmorphology.Seedsviabilitytestwasconductedthroughgerminationonstrawpapermedia.TheresultsshowedthatpacarterepopulationswerefoundinthosefourBTSNPresorts,onshadeandhumidhabitats,alsoinopenareaswithwetsoilconditions.Theplantischaracterizedasanerectparennialherb,spursedpinkflower,capsulafruitwhichdehiscentwhenripe,withflattenedcone-shapedandsmoothhairyseeds.Seedgerminationtestshowedthattheseedsbegantogerminateonday5aftersowing(around20sprouts/day),epigealtype,withpercentageofgerminationandviabilitywas56%and90%respectively.ResultsofthisstudyareexpectedtoprovidebasicinformationtosupporttheconservationeffortsofI.platypetalabothin-situandex-situ(seedandlivingplant),alsoitspropagationeffortsforfurtherbioprospectingresearches
This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics and climbing types of selected climbing plants from the Annonaceae tribe, conserved ex-situ in the Purwodadi Botanical Gardens (KRP). The method used is observing the vegetative and generative organs of 12 types of qualitatively selected Annonaceae collections. Observational data were scored and analyzed in clusters to determine morphological characteristics and identify the type of climbing plants. The results showed that 2 clusters were referring to the Uvariae and Xylopiae tribes. The distinguishing morphological characteristics of the two clusters were the presence or absence of hooks and the presence or absence of feathers on the vegetative and generative organs. The types of climbing plants of Annonaceae KRP are hook-climbers and twiners. Conservation efforts that need to be done are to maintain and maintain the host of selected climbing plants from the Annonaceae KRP tribe, carry out regular monitoring and explore the potential of these species for environmental conservation education media. In conclusion, the morphological characteristics and types of climbing plants of Annonaceae can determine recommendations for ex-situ conservation efforts. Keywords: Annonaceae, Conservation, Morphology, Climbing Plants
AbstrakSARS-CoV-2 dikenal sebagai agen penyebab COVID-19. Penyakit ini pertama kali muncul di Cina yang dalam beberapa bulan telah menyebar secara masif ke 198 negara lain termasuk Indonesia, dan menyebabkan pandemik global. Sekalipun vaksin telah ditemukan namun laju mutasi virus yang sangat cepat menjadikannya kurang efektif. Beberapa dekade terakhir, para ilmuwan telah mengidentifikasi senyawa-senyawa tumbuhan yang mempunyai potensi sebagai aktivitas anti-coronavirus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji senyawa aktif yang dapat menghambat aktivitas coronavirus dan menentukan koleksi tumbuhan Kebun Raya Purwodadi yang mengandung senyawa tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan melalui review dan kompilasi berbagai literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KR Purwodadi memiliki 49 jenis, 38 marga, dan 24 suku koleksi tumbuhan yang diprediksi mengandung 12 jenis senyawa anti-coronavirus, yaitu amentoflavone, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, hinokinin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, dan quercetin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan memiliki potensi dalam menyediakan bahan obat alami terhadap penyakit di dunia, sehingga kelestariannya perlu untuk terus dijaga. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan penelitian selanjutnya dalam mencari tumbuhan yang paling berpotensi sebagai anti-coronavirus.Abstract SARS-COV-2 is known as the causing agent of COVID-19. It first appeared in China and in just a few months it spread massively to 198 other countries including Indonesia and caused a global pandemic. Even though the vaccine has been found, the rapid mutation rate of the virus makes it less effective. In the last few decades, scientists have identified the plant compounds as having potential as anti-coronavirus. The purpose of this study was to examine active compounds having the activity of coronavirus inhibition and to determine the living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden containing those compounds. The study was conducted through a review and compilation of various related literature. The results showed that Purwodadi BG had 49 species, 38 genera, and 24 families of living collections predicted to contain 12 types of anti-coronavirus compounds, namely amentoflavone, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, hinokinin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, and quercetin. It shows that plants are potential to provide natural medicinal ingredients against diseases in the world so their sustainability needs to be maintained. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research in finding most potential plants as anti-coronavirus.
Wild bananas provide important genetic materials for further banana improvement, therefore they need to be conserved and studied. This study aimed to describe morphological characteristics of plant and seed and also to study the seed germination of wild banana M. acuminata var. flava (Ridl.) Nasution. The morphological characteristics were observed descriptively by referring to the descriptor for banana. The internal and external morphology of the seeds were observed using a digital microscope. The germination testing was carried out by a completely randomized design, using fresh seeds extracted from a bunch of fruits with two ripeness levels i.e. fully-ripe (yellow peel) and under-ripe (green-yellow peel). The data resulted was then analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed that M. acuminata var. flava is characterized as a perennial herb; pseudostem height ≥3 m; male bud like a top with prominent green-yellow bracts; fruit curved and tasted mild-sweet when ripe. The seed is angular with wrinkled surface, and dark brown-black color when ripe. The longitudinal section showed parts of the seeds comprising the seed coat, outer and inner integument, embryo, endosperm, chalazal mass, micropyle cap and channel. The seeds are classified as orthodox, with hypogeal type and gradual germination pattern. The seeds extracted from fully-ripe fruit germinated faster with higher germination percentage and growth variables (root number and plant height). Thus, it is suggested to use physiologically mature seeds (seeds from fully-ripe fruits) which should be separated from the seeds of under-ripe fruits to lower the heterogeneity.
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