Summary
A Japanese blood donor (H. T.) and his brother (M. S.) are the first homozygous MkMk individuals described; their red cells lack, as expected, known antigens of the MNSs blood group system and also have no demonstrable MN‐active and Ss‐active glycoproteins. Both MkMk individuals have a naturally occurring atypical antibody in their serum. The antibody in the serum of H. T. is inhibited by MNSs‐active glycoprotein preparations from normal erythrocytes.
Summary
A most unusual combination of serological findings in a healthy blood donor is described. His blood group is A1, and his red cells are weakly H positive; they are type MN, both the M and N antigens being of normal strength. His saliva contains A and H substances. His serum shows weak anti‐H and anti‐N activity which is best demonstrated at 12° to 16°, but is hardly detectable at 37°. This dual specificity, according to the results of agglutination tests and absorption experiments, appears to be due to two distinct antibodies, both of natural origin. The anti‐H is neutralized by the donor's own saliva. The donor presents no clinical or serological signs of auto‐immunization.
Résumé
Les auteurs décrivent une combinaison absolument inhabituelle des résultats sérologiques obtenus avec le sang d'un donneur de sang en bonne santé. Le groupe sanguin de ce donneur est A1, ses érythrocytes sont faiblement H positif; ils sont du type MN, les deux antigènes M et N étant de force normale. La salive de ce donneur contient des substances A et H. Son sérum présente une faible activité anti‐H et anti‐N, dont l'optimum thermique de réaction se situe de 12 à 16° C, mais qui est difficilement décelable à 37° C. Cette double spécificité, mise en évidence par les tests d'agglutination et confirmée par les épreuves d'absorption semble être due à deux anticorps distincts, tous deux d'origine naturelle. L'anti‐H est inhibé par la salive du donneur lui‐même. Ce donneur ne présente aucun des signes cliniques ou sérologiques d'un processus d'auto‐immunisation.
Zusammenfassung
Eine äußerst ungewöhnliche Kombination von serologischen Befunden bei einem gesunden Blutspender wird beschrieben. Seine Blutgruppe ist A,; seine Erythrozyten sind schwach H‐positiv. Er zeigt die Faktorenkombination MN; die Antigene M und N sind normal ausgeprägt. Sein Speichel enthält A‐ und H‐Substanz. Sein Serum zeigt eine schwache Anti‐H‐ und Anti‐N‐Aktivität, welche am besten bei Temperaturen von 12–16°C zur Darstellung gelangt. Bei 37°C ist sie kaum nachzuweisen. Auf Grund der Agglutinations‐ und Absorptionsversuche erscheint die Annahme am naheliegendsten, daß diese Doppelspezifität auf zwei verschiedene natürliche Antikörper zurückzuführen ist. Der Anti‐H‐Antikörper wird durch den Speichel des Spenders inaktiviert. Der Spender zeigte weder klinische noch serologische Zeichen einer Autoimmunisierung.
The Editors do not hold themselves responsible for opinions expressed by their correspondents. No notice is taken of anonymous communicationsA New Blood-Group Antibody, Anti-Jkb THE human blood-group system called Kidd was discovered in 1951 by Allen, Diamond and Niedziela. 1 , who found an antibody, anti-Jkn•, which distinguished two phenotypes, Jk(a +) and Jk(a-).Family investigations• showed that the antigen Jk'' is inherited and that the gene Jka is capable of expressing itself in single and in double dose ; the existence of an allelomorphic gene Jkb was assumed. In tests on 390 rmrelated persons•, the phenotype frequencies were Jk(a+) 76•92 per cent and Jk(a-) 23•08 per cent, from which the following gene and genotype frequencies were calculated : Genes Jk" 0 •5196 JJ.,.b 0•4804 Genotypes Jk"Jk" 0 •2700 Jk•Jk,b 0•4992 J~Jkb 0•2308
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