The ABO, MN and Rh blood groups of the Basque people

Distribution of Rhesus Blood Group System in the French Basques: A Reappraisal Using the Allele-Specific Primers PCR Method

“…It is known for many decades that they demonstrate singularities in respect of some red cell blood groups. First, it has been found in this people a high frequency of O and conversely one of the lowest frequency of B among human populations [3]. The high prevalence of Rhesus (Rh) negative in Basques (35.6%) was first described in 1945 by Etcheverry among emigrants in Argentina [4], and this picture was later confirmed, although with less important percentages, in other Basque samples [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Paternal Genetic History of the Basque Population of Spain

“…In the biological anthropology literature, the Basque population has been studied using craniometrics (Broca 1864;Calafell and Bertranpetit 1994), linguistics (Trask 1997), blood group antigens (Boyd and Boyd 1937;Chalmers et al 1948;Chalmers et al 1949;Etcheverry 1945;Levine 1977;Levine et al 1974;MacClancy 1993;Mourant 1948), erythrocytic enzymes (Aguirre et al 1989;Aguirre et al 1991;Manzano et al 1996), plasma proteins (Manzano et al 1993), HLA antigens and haplotypes (Calderon et al 1998;Dugoujon et al 1989;Esteban et al 1998;Hazout et al 1991), autosomal STRs (Alonso et al 1995;Arrieta et al 1997;Garcia et al 1998;Garcia et al 2001;Iriondo et al 1997;Iriondo et al 1999;Perez-Lezaun et al 2000;Perez-Miranda et al 2005a;Perez-Miranda et al 2005b;Zlojutro et al 2006), mitochondrial haplogroups and sequences (Alfonso-Sanchez et al 2008;Alzualde et al 2006;Alzualde et al 2005;Bertranpetit et al 1995;Corte-Real et al 1996;Garcia et al 2011;Gonzalez et al 2003;Gonzalez et al 2006;Izagirre and de la Rua 1999), and Y-chromosome markers …”

Estimation of Chromosome Frequencies in the Rhesus Blood Group System

“…Expressions for the p artial derivatives, w ith respect to the ratios, of th e expected values (divided by N), when typing is done using anti-C, anti-c, anti-D , an ti-E and anti-e Rh Phenotype The m ethods are illustrated by using th e d ata on the Basques by Chalmers et al (1949) H ere the chromosome CDE seems to be absent. Anyhow, even if it is present, its frequency cannot be estim ated either by the form ula given above or as (C cD E E )/2 [(R 2) + (R ")].…”

“…Hence, we had to go to some other source for the d ata and in choosing the same we have been guided by the following considerations: (1) presence of m ost of the chromosomes, (2) a not insignificant frequency for the chromosom e CDE, (3) m oderately large sample size, and (4) su ita b ility for bringing out interesting points. For the first level of typing with three sera the d ata chosen are on the S paniards collected by Guascli (1950, a) given in table 21 of the blood group frequency tables in M ourant (1954), for the second level of typing w ith four sera those on th e English collected by Fisher and Race (1946) given in table 23, and for the th ird level of typing w ith five sera those on the Basques collected by Chalmers et al (1949) given in table 27. W hen phenotyping is done using anti-C, anti-D and anti-E sera only, 8 phenotypes can be distinguished.…”