Aim:In this study, it was aimed to determine the concentration of some important acute phase proteins (APPs) and some biochemical parameters pre-operative and post-operative in calves with omphalitis.Materials and Methods:A total of 20 calves were used in the study and they consist of 10 clinically healthy calves that were used as a control and 10 calves with omphalitis were used as the treatment group. Blood samples were collected from Vena jugularis of animals to tubes with anticoagulant (sodium citrate) and without anticoagulants, pre-operative (day 0), and post-operative (day 7). Samples were used to determine the concentration of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, total bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations.Results:While the Hp, SAA, Cp, fibrinogen, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT concentrations were statistically and significantly increasing rather than the control group during the pre-operative period for calves with omphalitis, they decreased to the post-operative period. Moreover, an insignificant increase in the glucose, total protein, and AST concentrations and an insignificant decrease in the albumin, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were statistically determined.Conclusion:We have the opinion that the assessment of biochemical parameters and especially APP levels in calves with the omphalitis together with the clinical findings may be important in terms of the treatment and prognosis.

Alterations in Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Dogs Naturally Infested with Sarcoptes canisAbstract: The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels in dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes canis. Twenty dogs, aged 3--15 months in different breeds and genders, were divided into two groups: 10, admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinics of Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, were infested with Sarcoptes canis and (Group I) and 10 were healthy (Group II). The serum Cu and Zn levels in Group I were determined as 0.83 ± 0.13 mg/L and 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/L, respectively while the values in Group II 4.27 ± 0.23 mg/L and 1.70 ± 0.13 mg/L, respectively. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the levels of serum Cu (P<0.001) and Zn (P<0.05) of animals in Group I were significantly lower than those in Group II. As a result, it was ascertained that serum Cu and Zn levels were lower in dogs infested with Sarcoptes canis as compared to those in healthy dogs. Therefore, it was concluded that serum Cu and Zn levels were affected by Sarcoptes canis infestation.

Aim:This study has been conducted for the purpose of determining serum hepcidin, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and Fe levels in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia before and after treatment and the clinical significance of hepcidin in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia.Materials and Methods:The study material consisted of 15 calves of different ages and sexes brought to the Training, Research and Application Center at the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with suspected neonatal septicemia. 8.5 mL of blood was drawn from the jugular vein of each animal into coagulant tubes before and after treatment for one-off biochemical analyses and centrifuged. After this, the serum was separated. Hepcidin, TAS, TOS, and Fe levels in the serum were measured.Results:While pre-treatment hepcidin levels were 58.42±3.46 ng/mL, post-treatment levels were 46.87±2.98 ng/mL (p<0.05). Pre-treatment Fe levels were 60.13±7.27 µg/dl, while post-treatment levels were 83.1±8.09 µg/dl (p<0.05). The changes in the TAS and TOS levels were also found to be statistically significant.Conclusion:In light of the fact that hepcidin plays a role function in the regulation of Fe as well as the fact that Fe is a significant nutritional source for many microorganisms, it was concluded that hepcidin may play a significant role in nutritional immunity and the pathogenesis of diseases.

The study comprised of 12 bulls, aged between 18-36 months, determined severe symptoms of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and 10 clinically healthy bulls of similar age. Serum and saliva total sialic acid (SA), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. In this study were determined acute fever, anorexia, vesicular lesions in the mouth and feet of infected animals with consequent excessive salivation, lameness and reduced productivity as clinical signs. Mean serum SA, MDA, GSH and NO levels were 503.96±21.43 mg/L, 31.82±3.43 µmol/L, 63.43±2.92 mg/dL, and 6.49±0.36 nmol/L in healthy bulls and 862.01±17.35 mg/L, 82.49±9.90 µmol/L, 24.96±2.32 mg/dL, and 13.89±0.53 nmol/L in FMD cases, respectively. Mean saliva SA, MDA, GSH and NO levels were 75.98±10.25 mg/L, 1.06±0.17 µmol/L, 0.67±0.05 mg/dL, and 1.44±0.14 nmol/L in healthy bulls and 156.49±14.07 mg/L, 1.81±0.15 µmol/L, 0.34±0.03 mg/dL, and 2.44±0.16 nmol/L in FMD cases, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P<0.01). Mean serum and saliva GSH level was lower in FMD while all other parameters were considerable high. As a result, showing signs of foot and mouth disease in bulls, serum and saliva in sialic acid and oxidative stress parameters are affected very significantly.Keywords: Bull, Malondialdehyde, Foot-and-mouth

SummaryThis study consisted of twenty-five dermatophytotic cattle, aged 1.5-11 months obtained from Kars province and its surrounding, diagnosed as dermatophytosis following clinical and microbiologically. All animals were divided into two groups; trial group (n=15) and control group (n=10). The skin lesions of the trial animals were treated using a pomade containing 1% tioconazole once daily for a period of 5 days. In 12 of the trial animals the amount of keratinized tissue found in the dermatophytosis lesions decreased significantly following the 3 rd application and had disappeared completely after the 5 th application. On the other hand, the remaining 3 animals in the trial group were applied the medicament seven times due to the persistence of keratinized tissue in the lesions. In all of the animals administered with tioconazole, new hair growth in the site of the lesions resumed in the 3 rd -4 th weeks and complete recovery occurred within 7-8 weeks. In conclusion, 1% tioconazole, used for the first time for the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis in this study was found to be rather effective owing to its ease of application and strong therapeutic effect. Keywords: Cattle, Dermatophytosis, Tioconazole Sığır Dermatofitozisinin Tedavisinde %1'lik Tiokonazol'ün Lokal Kullanımının Etkinliği ÖzetÇalışma materyalini, Kars ve çevre köylerinden sağlanan, 1,5-11 aylık yaşta, klinik ve mikrobiyolojik olarak dermatofitozis tanısı konulan 15 deneme ve 10 kontrol olmak üzere, toplam 25 sığır oluşturdu. Deneme grubundaki hayvanların derilerindeki lezyonların üzerine %1 tiokonazol içeren kremden 5 gün boyunca günde 1 kez sürüldü. Deneme grubundaki hayvanlardan 12'sinde 3. uygulamayı takiben, dermatofitoz lezyonlarındaki keratinize dokuların büyük oranda azaldığı, 5. uygulama sonunda ise tamamen kaybolduğu görülürken 3 hayvanda keratinize doku dökülmediği için 7. uygulamaya gidildi. İlaç uygulanan tüm hayvanlarda lezyonlu bölgelerde 3-4. haftalarda kıllanmanın başladığı, 7-8. haftalarda ise tamamen iyileştiği görüldü. Sonuç olarak, sığırlarda dermatofitozis olgularının tedavisinde ilk olarak denenen %1'lik tiokonazol'ün, kullanımının kolay olması ve tedavi edici etkisinin yüksek olması nedeniyle, sığırlarda dermatofitozis olgularının sağaltımında oldukça etkili bulunmuştur.

No abstract

Bu çalışmada babesiosis ile doğal enfekte köpeklerde tedavi öncesi ve sonrası haptoglobin (Hp), seruloplazmin (Cp) ve bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın hayvan materyalini, iştahsızlık, ikterus ve hemoglobinüri şikayetleri olan farklı yaş ve cinsiyette 10 köpek oluşturdu. Klinik muayeneler ve Giemsa boyama sonrasında eritrositler içerisinde etkenlerin görülmesi ile tanı kondu. Tanı sonrasında tedavi öncesi ve sonrası hayvanlardan kan alınarak serumları ayrıştırıldı. Bu serumlarda Alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) ve Aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) enzim aktiviteleri, Hp, Cp, üre ve kreatinin seviyeleri belirlendi. Tedavi öncesi ALT (P<0.05) ve AST (P<0.05) enzim aktiviteleri ile üre (P<0.05), kreatinin (P<0.05) ve Cp (P<0.001), seviyeleri tedavi sonrasına göre yüksek belirlendi. Hp seviyesi ise tedavi öncesinde tedavi sonrasına göre düşük bulundu (P<0.001). Sonuç olarak Babesiosis'li köpeklerde ALT ve AST enzim aktiviteleri ile üre, kreatinin, Hp ve Cp seviyelerinde önemli değişikliklerin olduğu belirlendi. Köpeklerde babesiosis hastalığının prognozunda ve tedavi sürecinde bu parametrelerin takibinin önemli olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is highly contagious disease that affects dogs despite several control measures. This study was aimed at investigating the presence of CDV nucleic acid in different clinical and tissue materials, from naturally infected dogs, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to molecularly characterize distemper strains according to the partial Nucleoprotein (NP) gene sequence. Furthermore, tissue samples under went histopathological examination for distemper infection. Methods: A total of 202 different diagnosis materials were collected from dogs (n=60) in the Kars region in northeastern Turkey. The samples were tested for CDV using RT-PCR with primers designed for the CDV NP gene. Samples determined as positive for CDV (n=7) were sequenced. Tissue samples underwent histopathological examination. Result: Most of the cases were in animals aged 0-6 months. The most common clinical finding was severe respiratory system infection. This finding was accompanied by gastrointestinal and nervous system infections. CDV nucleic acid was detected in 112 of 202 materials by RT-PCR. According to RT-PCR results, positivity rates of 88.2% (30/34), 72.2% (13/18), 60% (3/5), 55.5% (10/18), 55.5% (10/18), 51.6% (16/31), 45.5% (5/11), 37.8% (14/37) and 36.7% (11/30) were detected in nasal swab, lung, footpad, kidney, spleen, rectal swab, cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), leuokocyte and cerebellum samples, respectively. Viral nucleic acids were detected at higher rates in nasal swabs. The phylogenetic assessment of the amplicon sequences revealed a 97.7%-100% similarity among the Turkish CDV strains, which are independent from vaccine strains, were found to be more closely related to the European lineage. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were detected by histopathology. This is the first study to investigate CDV in naturally infected dogs from northeastern Turkey and to provide novel and updated epidemiological information.