The substantial of mineral ingredients in honey may symbolize the existence of elements in the plants and soil of the vicinity wherein the honey was taken. The aim of this study was to detect the levels of 13 elements (Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Aluminum (Al), and Selenium (Se)) in unifloral and multifloral honey samples from south and east regions of Turkey. Survey of 71 honey samples from seven different herbal origins, picked up from the south and east region of Turkey, was carried out to determine their mineral contents during 2015-2016. The mineral contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The most abundant minerals were K, Na, and Ca ranging within 1.18–268 ppm, 0.57–13.1 ppm, and 0.77–4.5 ppm, respectively. Zn and Cu were the most abundant trace element while Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr were the lowest heavy metals in the honey samples surveyed, with regard to the concentrations of heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr suggested and influence of the botanical origin of element composition. Geochemical and geographical differences are probably related to the variations of the chemical components of honey samples.

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Alterations in Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Dogs Naturally Infested with Sarcoptes canisAbstract: The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels in dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes canis. Twenty dogs, aged 3--15 months in different breeds and genders, were divided into two groups: 10, admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinics of Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, were infested with Sarcoptes canis and (Group I) and 10 were healthy (Group II). The serum Cu and Zn levels in Group I were determined as 0.83 ± 0.13 mg/L and 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/L, respectively while the values in Group II 4.27 ± 0.23 mg/L and 1.70 ± 0.13 mg/L, respectively. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the levels of serum Cu (P<0.001) and Zn (P<0.05) of animals in Group I were significantly lower than those in Group II. As a result, it was ascertained that serum Cu and Zn levels were lower in dogs infested with Sarcoptes canis as compared to those in healthy dogs. Therefore, it was concluded that serum Cu and Zn levels were affected by Sarcoptes canis infestation.

Maternal breast milk is a unique biological matrix that contains essential micronutrients. Potentially heavy metals may also affect infants' health and growth through maternal breast milk. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the essential elements and heavy metals of maternal breast milk of nursery mothers residing in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey. Maternal breast milk concentrations of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, arsenic, and lead were analyzed in a random sample of the first time in urban and suburban nursery Turkish mothers (n: 42). Eight essential elements and two heavy metals were analyzed using ICP-MS after microwave digestion. For bivariate analyses of variables, we use nonparametric Spearman's correlation coefficient test. The mean concentrations of essential elements and heavy metals were as follows: sodium 330 ± 417 mg/L, magnesium 32.6 ± 15.5 mg/L, phosphorus 156 ± 46.2 mg/L, potassium 488 ± 146 mg/L, calcium 193 ± 53.2 mg/L, iron 1.65 ± 1.43 mg/L, copper 0.54 ± 0.46 mg/L, zinc 2.89 ± 3.23 mg/L, arsenic < 1 μg/L, and lead < 1 μg/L. Concentrations of heavy metals in maternal breast milk may have the important implication that it is not affected by environmental pollution in this province. This study provides reliable information about maternal breast milk concentrations of nursery mothers residing in Şanlıurfa, Turkey, and also compares the relations between essential elements and socioeconomic conditions, residing areas, and using copper equipment for food preparation of which some have not previously been reported.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of folic acid in Brown Swiss and Simmental cows' milk by the competitive ELISA method. Brown Swiss and Simmental cows' milk samples were collected from two dairies between February and August 2017 (20 samples from Brown Swiss and 22 samples from Simmental). The average level of vitamin B9 in Brown Swiss milk was approximately 3.27 ± 1.23 μg/100 g, while for Simmental it was around 2.99 ± 0.88 μg/100 g. In the milk mixture, the mean folic acid level was 3.13 ± 1.07 μg/100 g. There was no statistical difference between breeds in terms of folic acid levels in cow's milk. It was concluded that milk is not a sufficient source to meet the daily folic acid needs of adults in Turkey.

Sadeyag (clarified butter); is a dairy product which is produced from milk fat and is of high economic and nutritious value. The aim of this study was to determine the Reichert-Meissl numbers in the samples of sadeyag produced in Şanlıurfa province. 74 samples in 2013 and 182 samples in 2014 were collected from Şanlıurfa province and towns for create the study material. The Reichert-Meissl numbers of the samples were done in accordance with TS 1331 standard. The mean Reichert-Meissl numbers of sadeyag samples collected in 2013 and 2014 are 18.90±7.17 and 24.14±5.82 respectively. The lowest Reichert-Meissl number was 0.44 and the highest Reichert-Meissl number was 29.96 in all samples analyzed. When the Reichert-Meissl numbers of the sadeyag samples were compared with other research findings, it was found that the average Reichert-Meissl number was lower.

ÖZETDemir tüm memeli canlılar için hayati öneme sahip esansiyel bir iz elementtir. Bu çalışmada Akçakale ve Halfeti ilçelerinde yetiştirilen 54 adet İvesi ırkı koyuna ait çiğ süt örneklerinin demir düzeylerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çiğ koyun süt örneklerinin demir analizi mikrodalga asitle yakma işleminden sonra indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektroskopisi (ICP-OES) ile gerçekleştirildi. İncelenen çiğ koyun süt örneklerinde Akçakale ve Halfeti ilçesinde sırasıyla ortalama 1.45 ± 0.76 mg/L, 1.58 ± 0.89 mg/L düzeyinde demir tespit edildi. Her iki ilçeden toplanan çiğ süt örneklerinde demir düzeyleri arasında istatistiki bir fark tespit edilmedi. Anahtar sözcükler: Süt, demir, İvesi koyun, ICP-OES EVALUATION OF MILK IRON LEVELS IN AWASSI SHEEP CULTIVATED IN AKÇAKALE AND HALFETI PROVINCE ABSTRACTIron is an essential trace element with vital importance for all mammalian creatures. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the iron levels of raw milk samples of 54 Awassi sheep cultivated in Akçakale and Halfeti districts. Iron analysis of raw sheep milk samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. Mean Fe values of raw sheep milk samples determined in the Akçakale province and in the Halfeti province were 1.45 ± 0.76 mg/L and 1.58 ± 0.89 mg/L respectively. There was no statistical difference between the iron levels in raw milk samples collected from both provinces.

Butter is a high-quality dairy product which has nutritious value and special taste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Reichert-Meissl values of the butter samples produced in Turkey. 120 butter samples were collected as study material in 2015. The Reichert-Meissl values of the butter samples were determined in accordance with the Turkish standard (TS1331). The mean Reichert-Meissl values of butter samples were 25.35 ± 6.76. The highest Reichert-Meissl value was 31.11 was and the lowest Reichert-Meissl value was 0.23 in all samples analyzed. When the Reichert-Meissl values of the butter samples were compared with other research results, the average Reichert-Meissl value was in accordance with previous studies. Adequate surveillance programs should be maintained to prevent the impact of food fraud.