Introduction: The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) (2012) is a brief cognitive battery that assesses five sub-domains of cognition (attention and orientation, memory, verbal fluency, language, and visuospatial abilities) which are commonly impaired in dementia. Objective: We aimed to validate the Egyptian-Arabic ACE-III in dementia patients, and to provide cutoff scores for the ACE-III in diagnosing dementia in Egyptian-Arabic speakers. Methods: We included 37 patients with dementia (Alzheimer's disease, n = 25, vascular dementia, n = 8, and dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 4) and 43 controls. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the total ACE-III score between dementia patients (mean 49.81 ± 18.58) and controls (mean 84.84 ± 6.36). There was also a statistically significant difference between dementia patients and controls in all sub-score domains of the ACE-III (p < 0.001). Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff score for dementia on the ACE-III total score was 72, (89% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 92% accuracy). Conclusions: The results of this study provide objective validation of the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III as a screening tool for dementia, with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy comparable to other translated versions of the ACE-III.
This study showed that the adapted Arabic HHIE-S is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of handicapping hearing impairment in Egyptian elderly patients.
COPD has a complex spectrum of comorbidities. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in elderly male patients with COPD correlated with hypercapnia, but not hypoxemia or the disease severity.
<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an important point on the pathway to developing dementia and a target for early detection and intervention. There is a shortage of validated cognitive screening tools in Arabic to diagnose MCI. The aim of this study was to validate Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) (Egyptian-Arabic version) in a sample of patients with MCI, to provide cut-off scores in Egyptian-Arabic speakers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 24 patients with MCI and 54 controls were included in the study and were administered the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the total ACE-III score between MCI patients (mean 75.83, standard deviation (SD) 8.1) and controls (mean 86.26, SD 6.74). There was also a statistically significant difference between MCI patients and controls in the memory, fluency, and visuospatial sub-scores of the ACE-III (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but not in attention and language sub-scores. Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off score for diagnosing MCI on the ACE-III total score was 81, with 75% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 80% accuracy. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results of this study provide objective validation of the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III as a screening tool for MCI, with good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy that are comparable to other translated versions of the ACE-III in MCI.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common among older people because it often results from atherosclerosis, which becomes more common with age. The disease is particularly common among people who have diabetes. Little information is available on the relation between abdominal aortic diameter and PAD in elderly patients with diabetes. This article studies the relationships between abdominal aortic diameter, PAD, and the cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic elderly patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. A case-control study was conducted on 90 participants aged 60 years and older divided into 60 cases (30 males and 30 females) and 30 age-matched healthy controls (15 males and 15 females). The relationships between the size of the abdominal aorta and ankle-brachial index (ABI), plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were examined. Approximately, 15% of patients with diabetes had asymptomatic PAD. The patients with diabetes with PAD were of older age (70.4 ± 3.6 vs. 63.4 ± 3.9 years; p = 0.000), had larger abdominal aortic diameter (22.4 ± 3.08 vs. 18.7 ± 2 mm; p = 0.000), and higher CRP levels (8.3 ± 1.1 vs. 5.8 ± 2.2 mg/L; p = 0.002), while other variables revealed no significant difference. Abdominal aortic diameter correlated well with ABI measured by Doppler method in diabetic patients (r = - 0.471, p = 0.000). Older age and larger abdominal aorta are independent risk factors for asymptomatic PAD in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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