“…The short form of the HHIE, denoted the HHIE-S, has been translated to many different languages and has been used in several studies ( Chang, Tseng, Chao, Hsu, & Liu, 2008 ; Lichtenstein, Bess, & Logan, 1988 ; Mulrow, Tuley, & Aguilar, 1990 ; Tomioka et al., 2013 ; Ventry & Weinstein, 1983 ; Vuorialho, Karinen, & Sorri, 2006 ; Weinstein, 1986 , 1991 ). This questionnaire has been found to have high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha .87–.91) and high test–retest consistency for different languages ( r = .84–.98; Tomioka et al., 2013 ; Weinstein, 1986 ; Weinstein, Rasheedy, Taha, & Fatouh, 2015 ). Because of its reliability, validity, and brevity, the HHIE-S has been one of the most widely used instruments in English-speaking countries ( Weinstein et al., 2015 ).…”