Natural product extraction is ingenuity that permits the mass manufacturing of specific products in a cost-effective manner. With the aim of obtaining an alternative chitosan supply, the carapace of dead horseshoe crabs seemed feasible. This sparked an investigation of the structural changes and antioxidant capacity of horseshoe crab chitosan (HCH) by γ-irradiation using 60Co source. Chitosan was extracted from the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas; Müller) carapace using heterogeneous chemical N-deacetylation of chitin, followed by the irradiation of HCH using 60Co at a dose-dependent rate of 10 kGy/hour. The average molecular weight was determined by the viscosimetric method. Regarding the chemical properties, the crystal-like structures obtained from γ-irradiated chitosan powders were determined using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The change in chitosan structure was evident with dose-dependent rates between 10 and 20 kGy/hour. The antioxidant properties of horseshoe crab-derived chitosan were evaluated in vitro. The 20 kGy γ-irradiation applied to chitosan changed the structure and reduced the molecular weight, providing sufficient degradation for an increase in antioxidant activity. Our findings indicate that horseshoe crab chitosan can be employed for both scald-wound healing and long-term food preservation due to its buffer-like and radical ion scavenging ability.

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This dataset presents morphological features, elemental composition and functional groups of different pre- and post-gamma (γ)-irradiated chitosan (10kGy & 20kGy) prepared from shrimp waste. The γ-irradiated chitosan was characterized using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were performed using Perkin Elmer Pyris Diamond DSC with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute and dynamic synthetic atmospheric air set at flow rate of 100 ml/minute. We observed γ-irradiated chitosan to have shorter polymer size, small pores and compacted structure with active alkyl and hydroxyl groups when compared to non-irradiated chitosan. Our data provides baseline understanding for structure of shrimp chitosan after 60 Co exposure which means, the biopolymer becomes more stable and is considered suitable for vast food industry applications.

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In the current study, biogenic silver nanoparticles (U-AgNPs) were synthesized using marine green macroalgal Ulva Lactuca extract, and evaluated mechanism behind the anticancer activity against the Human colon cancer . The novel biogenic U-AgNPs were characterized using various physiochemical techniques. The TEM micrographs con rmed the spherical morphology of synthesized U-AgNPs, with a mean size of 8-14 nm. FTIR Spectra analysis of U-AgNPs con rmed Ulva Lactuca extract bioactive molecules presence over U-AgNPs surface as a stabilizing agent, thereby improving biocompatibility. The cytotoxicity study revealed the dose dependent cell death in colon cancer cells with no loss of viability in normal human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, the uorescence micrographs of nucleus staining assay revealed the DNA fragmentation and nucleus condensation of cancer cells treated with U-AgNPs, indicating an apoptosis-mediated cell death. The western bolt and RT-PCR analysis of U-AgNPs treated cancer cells showed the rise in proapoptotic markers (P53, Bax, and P21) and decline in anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2), thus con rming the p53-dependent apoptosis mediated cell death in HCT-116. Overall, our study concluded that novel biogenic U-AgNPs nanoparticles, synthesized using marine green macroalgal Ulva Lactuca extract showed e cient anticancer activity against HCT-116 cell line and hence could work as potential therapeutic agent for targeted anti-cancer therapy.

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