Systemic Evaluation of Mechanism of Cytotoxicity in Human Colon Cancer HCT-116 Cells of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Marine Algae Ulva lactuca Extract

Abstract

In the current study, biogenic silver nanoparticles (U-AgNPs) were synthesized using marine green macroalgal Ulva Lactuca extract, and evaluated mechanism behind the anticancer activity against the Human colon cancer . The novel biogenic U-AgNPs were characterized using various physiochemical techniques. The TEM micrographs con rmed the spherical morphology of synthesized U-AgNPs, with a mean size of 8-14 nm. FTIR Spectra analysis of U-AgNPs con rmed Ulva Lactuca extract bioactive molecules presence over U-AgNPs surface as a stabilizing agent, thereby improving biocompatibility. The cytotoxicity study revealed the dose dependent cell death in colon cancer cells with no loss of viability in normal human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, the uorescence micrographs of nucleus staining assay revealed the DNA fragmentation and nucleus condensation of cancer cells treated with U-AgNPs, indicating an apoptosis-mediated cell death. The western bolt and RT-PCR analysis of U-AgNPs treated cancer cells showed the rise in proapoptotic markers (P53, Bax, and P21) and decline in anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2), thus con rming the p53-dependent apoptosis mediated cell death in HCT-116. Overall, our study concluded that novel biogenic U-AgNPs nanoparticles, synthesized using marine green macroalgal Ulva Lactuca extract showed e cient anticancer activity against HCT-116 cell line and hence could work as potential therapeutic agent for targeted anti-cancer therapy.

Green Synthesis of Hexagonal Silver Nanoparticles Using a Novel Microalgae Coelastrella aeroterrestrica Strain BA_Chlo4 and Resulting Anticancer, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities

“…There are numerous reports of Ag-NPs acting as potent biocidal agents against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and various pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Moreover, Ag-NPs showed high therapeutic activity and selectivity against different malignant cells such as MCF-7, HepG2, Caco-2, HCT-116, and others [ 15 , 36 , 37 ]. The marked therapeutic effect of these M-NPs compared with their bulks is attributed to their physicochemical properties such as smaller size to larger surface area and surface chemistry, enabling them to easily penetrate cell membranes and interact with other organelles and vital biomolecules such as enzymes and proteins, causing intensive oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and finally enhancing programming cell death [ 10 , 38 ].…”

Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Marine Algae for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

“…Polysaccharides, polyphenols, protein content, and other phytoconstituents are also found in the Sargassum coreanum. The reduction of AgNO 3 to AgNPs is mainly due to these phytoconstituents [42][43][44][45][46]. Furthermore, Sargassum coreanum is abundant in water bodies and is readily available at no cost.…”

Recent advances in biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and natural antioxidants for antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging applications

“…The cytotoxic pattern of NPs depends on several factors, such as particle size, type of surface charge, concentration, and exposure time of the packaging material with food (Lu et al, 2021a). Recently, AgNPs have demonstrated potential anticancer effects against human colon cancer (HCT-116) cells but did not affect the viability of normal human epithelial (FHM) cell lines (Acharya et al, 2021). In the study by Yu et al (2019), the toxicity of AgNPs in CNF nanocomposites was investigated from the human colon normal epithelial (FHC) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2), at different concentrations (50-1000 μg/ml).…”