Here, we developed four different hybrid nanocomposite films using graphene oxide nanosheet (GOns), chitosan (Ch) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and explored their inherent inhibitory effect on bacterial biofilm formation (biofouling). Various spectroscopy and electron microscopy results confirmed the doping of AgNPs on GOns-Ch matrix. The wettability study of films also confirmed that GOns-Ch-AgNP nanocomposite film has the highest surface hydrophobicity among all. When Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were grown and biofouling was studied with different nanocomposite films, the silver-doped nanocomposite film was found efficiently inhibited the biofilm formation as evidenced from agar plate, congo red, swarming motility assay as well as electron microscopy imaging. We also observed from the degradation assay that the nanocomposites were pretty stable in solution which also showed ignorable leaching of AgNPs as well as minimum structural deformation of the matrix. Overall, our study clearly proves that AgNP doped GOns-Ch nano-composite (GOns-Ch-AgNP) exhibits anti adhesion and antimicrobial property and might be used as a surface coating material in various industries including marine and health sector industries to restrain biofouling.
A series of neurodegenerative disorders are caused by intracellular or extracellular amyloid deposition, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Prion disease, and so on. To prevent the progress of such amyloid-mediated disorders, various agents have been tested including nanoparticles. Among different nanomaterials, graphene oxide shows unique electrochemical properties, which have potential applications in various biomedical fields. In our present investigation, we explored the effect of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) in amyloid β-fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) under various conditions. Electron microscopy imaging showed that administration of GOQD inhibited HEWL amyloid βfibrillation via producing thin and small fragments of fibrils. ζ-Potential measurement and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic fluorescence study of lysozyme amyloid demonstrated a significant drop in surface hydrophobicity and an increase of surface charge of protein molecules. The reduced hydrophobic interaction and enhanced surface charge inhibit the hydrophobic assembly and colloidal stability of the protein. Circular dichroism and thioflavin-T fluorescence demonstrated that GOQD also interfered at the secondary structure level and prevented amyloid β-sheet formation and assembly of a protein by reducing the amount of amyloid β-sheet formation. Further, cellular toxicity analysis with HaCaT and 3T3 cells showed reduced toxicity of amyloid samples prepared with GOQD. Therefore, GOQD might be used to be a potential amyloid-preventive agent in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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