Artificial Insemination (AI) using sexed semen produce sex of calf as expected. There are various methods of sexed semen has been found. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of sexed semen methods using egg white sedimentation and percoll density gradient centrifugation toward motility and ratio of X and Y sperm Filial Ongole Cattle. Semen was collected using Artificial Vagina (AV) from Filial Ongole Cattle, evaluated and then separated using egg white sedimentation and percoll density gradient centrifugation technique. Only fresh semen with a minimum of 70% individual motile sperm and 2+ mass motility used in this study. Andromed as a based extender was diluted using aquabidest with 1:4 ratio. The obtained data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan test if there was significant or very significant different. The result showed that the sexing methods (non sexing sperm, upper and under fraction using percoll density gradient centrifugation, upper and under fraction using egg white sedimentation technique) had very significant effect (P<0.01) on motility (64.25±3.94%; 48.55±8.28%; 53±7.93%; 56.9±8.22%; 49.75±8.19% respectively) and significant effect (P<0.05) on the ratio of X and Y sperm. The ratio of X and Y using percoll density gradient centrifugation and egg white sedimentation methods for the upper fraction were 28.0±2.26%:72.0±2.26% and 77.5±1.26%:22.5±1.26%. The ratio of X and Y using percoll density gradient centrifugation and egg white sedimentation technique for the under fraction were 69.0±15.35%: 26.0±4.37% and 22.9±1.44%: 77.1±1.44%. The study concludes that the sexed with egg white sedimentation technique is better than percoll density gradient centrifugation on sperm motility and ratio of X and Y sperm.
We evaluated the precision and accuracy of equations from the Australian Ruminant Feeding Standards (ARFS) and the Large Ruminant Nutrition System (LRNS) in predicting the performance of Ongole (Bos indicus) cattle under Indonesian conditions. A database was constructed using information from 121 cattle in five different pen-feeding experiments. Cattle included mature cows and growing bulls, and they were fed a range of diets commonly used by Indonesian farmers. We compared observed and predicted dry matter intake and daily liveweight gain. Model predictions were evaluated for precision and accuracy using mean bias, mean square prediction error and regression of observed against predicted values. Across all experiments, the LRNS provided the better estimates of intake and growth. While both models included animal age, sex, weight and body condition score, the LRNS provided better estimates of metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance of liveweight, feed quality and efficiency of energy utilisation. The LRNS model also better accounted for environmental conditions by including correction factors for minimum night temperature and relative humidity, in addition to average daily temperatures. Based on our results, the LRNS model appears suitable for use in Indonesian beef-production systems.
Improving the productivity and profitability of smallholder cattle enterprises in Indonesia requires greater and more efficient utilisation of underutilised feed resources such as rice straw. The experiment tested the hypothesis that an Ongole cow with low energy requirements can maintain weight (W) on a rice straw-based diet with the addition of a small amount of tree legumes. Thirty-two Ongole cross (Bos indicus) cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a randomised block design with eight cows per treatment. Cows were offered untreated rice straw ad libitum with four levels of tree legumes (0, 11, 21, and 42 g DM/kg W0.75.day) for 20 weeks. Feed intake was determined daily and liveweight was measured every second week. There was no difference in total feed intake between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Intake of tree legumes was higher when more was offered (P < 0.05), but cows did not consume all of the legumes offered to them. The inclusion of tree legumes in the diet had no effect on organic matter digestibility, ME content of the diet, liveweight gain or estimated energy balance of the cows (P > 0.05). Rice straw alone contained insufficient ME and rumen-degradable N to meet the maintenance requirements of the cows. From the regression relating liveweight change and ME intake for all cows across all diets, the inclusion of tree legumes in the diet at ~12 g DM/kg W0.75.day or 2.8 g DM/kg W.day was enough to meet the energy requirements for maintenance of Ongole cows fed rice straw ad libitum.
Background and Aim: Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a negative regulator of muscle mass. This study aimed to detect the genetic variation of the 1160 bp fragment of exon 1 and part of intron 1 of the MSTN gene in several cattle populations raised in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction products of the MSTN gene amplified from 92 animals representing 10 cattle populations (Peranakan Ongole [PO], Belgian Blue x PO cross, Rambon, PO x Bali cross, Jabres, Galekan, Sragen, Donggala, Madura, and Bali) were sequenced, compared, and aligned with bovine MSTN of Bos taurus (GenBank Acc. No. AF320998.1) and Bos indicus (GenBank Acc. No. AY794986.1). Results: Four nucleotide substitutions (nt 1045 and 1066 in intron 1; nt 262 and 418 in exon 1) and two indels (nt 807 and 869 in intron 1) were synonymous mutations. Among these substitutions, only the nt 262G>C and nt 418A>G loci were polymorphic in all populations, except Bali cattle. The frequencies of the nt 262C (0.82) and nt 418A (0.65) alleles were highest. For the nt 262G>C locus, the CC genotype had the highest frequency (0.66) followed by GC (0.30) and CC (0.03). For the nt 418A>G locus, the AG genotype had the highest frequency (0.52) followed by AA (0.39) and GG (0.09). Conclusion: The results, showing genetic variations in exon 1 and intron 1 of the MSTN gene, might be helpful for future association studies.
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