The polymeric biomaterial film based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on mechanical and thermal properties of fish gelatin films prepared from scales of Lates calcarifer. The films were irradiated by gamma rays at varied doses (0-50 kGy). The mechanical and thermal properties of irradiated gelatin films were measured by using colorimeter, Universal Testing Machine, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The results showed that increasing of irradiation dose up to 50 kGy, the color of irradiated film did not change significantly (p < 0.05). The tensile strength of irradiated film was increased with no differences among dose variation but there was no change on elongation at break value (p < 0.05). The DSC spectra of irradiated gelatin films showed that irradiation did not affect melting temperature (Tm). In contrast, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of irradiated film has slight tendency to increase with increasing of radiation doses. In general, the FTIR spectra confirmed that gamma irradiation up to 50 kGy affected the mechanical properties of gelatin films.
Fast swelling hydrogels were synthesized from the mixture of acrylamide (AAM)-acrylic acid (AA)-starch (15:5:1 w/v) solution by radiation crosslinking with varying irradiation doses (7.5-12.5 (7,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)5 ABSTRAK Hidrogel dengan kemampuan swelling yang relatif cepat disintesis dari campuran larutan akrilamida (AAM)-asam akrilat (AA)-pati (15:5:1) menggunakan iradiasi gamma pada beragam dosis iradiasi kGy). Kopolimer dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform infra red (FTIR) dan Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC
Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan hidrogel sebagai matriks imobilisasi obat dengan teknik iradiasi gamma untuk mengontrol laju pelepasan obat terkendali. Imobilisasi propanolol HCl dalam hidrogel poli(vinil alkohol) (PVA)-g-natrium alginat (NaAlg) telah dilakukan. Larutan PVA/NaAlg (5/0,5, %berat) yang mengandung propanolol HCl (8 mg sampai dengan 16 mg), dibeku-lelehkan (3 siklus) dan diradiasi dengan variasi dosis (10 kGy sampai dengan 30 kGy). Hidrogel dikarakterisasi dengan spectrophotometer Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Fraksi gel dan daya serap air ditentukan secara gravimetri. Uji pelepasan propanolol HCl dari hidrogel dilakukan dalam larutan encer fosfat (pH 6,8) pada suhu 37 °C diukur dengan spectrofotomer Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan dosis iradiasi dari 10 kGy hingga 30 kGy, peningkatan fraksi gel hidrogel, dan kemampuan menyerap air hidrogel relatif turun. Pelepasan kumulatif obat dari matriks hidrogel dengan meningkatnya dosis iradiasi hingga 30 kGy relatif turun. Pengamatan menggunakan SEM, menunjukkan hidrogel PVA-NaAlg mempunyai struktur pori yang tidak teratur. Hidrogel PVA-g-NaAlg selayaknya dapat digunakan sebagai matriks pelepasan obat.
Gel contraction of alginate during ionic crosslinking at sol phase was reduced by blending with gelatin solution due to intermolecular interaction and chain entanglement. The semi-interpenetrated network (semi-IPN) of wound dressing hydrogels were prepared by overlaid alginate/gelatin blend with 1.0% (w/w) CaCl2 solution under ambient temperature for 2 h. Results showed that gel contraction was significantly reduced with increasing gelatin content i.e. from 40.5 ± 5.8% for pure alginate to as low as 5.8 ± 1.2% for alginate/gelatin of 1:7 (w/w). It seems that gelatin successfully inhibited alginate chains mobility during their network re-arrangement by Ca2+ cation. The FTIR spectra of hydrogels showed combination of characteristic vibration of alginate and gelatin. Increasing gelatin content also significantly improved elasticity and tensile strength at break of dried hydrogels. Swelling kinetics of dried hydrogels were fitted Schott’s second-order power-law model. Increasing gelatin fraction increased the swelling rate while decreased the swelling at equilibrium. Their absorptive capacity were of interval for management of moderate to heavily exudating wound.
ι-Carrageenan is a biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterial which potentially stabilizes colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study explored gamma radiosynthesis of AgNPs at varied concentration of ι-carrageenan solutions. The reaction system contained 1.0 mM silver precursor from silver nitrate salt. Gamma irradiation was conducted at doses up to 20 kGy under simple condition, i.e., atmospheric gases and without addition of hydroxyl radical scavenger. The behavior of AgNPs in suspension was characterized based on their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption spectra which were measured using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results show that colloidal AgNPs were successfully radiosynthesized due to dual stabilizing/reducing activity of ι-carrageenan. The degradation product of ι-carrageenan shows antioxidant activities, which increase the reducing condition of the reaction system. TEM micrograph reveals that the nanoparticles are spheroid in shape and monodisperse with an average particle size of below 10 nm. The SPR spectra indicate that the highest AgNPs concentration is found for irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy and ι-carrageenan concentration of 1.0 % (w/v). However, instability of AgNPs occurred a day after radiosynthesis due to oxidative dissolution and agglomeration. Further works on pH adjustment and optimization on irradiation dose and ι-carrageenan concentration are critical to improve the stability of colloidal AgNPs.
BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in the medical field, including cardiovascular. However, limited research has investigated the effect of AgNPs on the protection of myocardial infarction (MI).ObjectivesIsoproterenol (Iso)-induced MI and the cardiac protection offered by AgNPs were investigated in the present study. Additionally, we characterized the profile of Ag in the form of nanoparticles.MethodsTwenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal, Iso, Iso + AgNO3, and Iso + AgNP groups. AgNPs and silver ion (AgNO3) were administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Iso induction was performed using two doses of 85 mg/kg BW given subcutaneously on days 13 and 14. Blood and cardiac tissue samples were taken 24 h after the last dose of Iso and checked for Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase in plasma along with oxidative stress parameters, mitochondria biogenesis markers, and inflammation representative genes in cardiac tissue. Additionally, we analyzed the histopathological features in cardiac tissue.ResultsThe silver was confirmed in the form of nanoparticles by its size at intervals of 8.72–37.84 nm. Both AgNO3 and AgNPs showed similar cardioprotective effects, as shown by the decrease in biochemical markers of cardiac toxicity, namely, CK-MB. Additionally, AgNPs group have better efficacy compared with AgNO3 group in ameliorating Iso-mediated oxidative stress production, as evidenced by the significant decrease in malondialdehyde level and increased superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively) in cardiac tissue compared with the Iso group. Mechanistically, AgNPs, but not AgNO3, enhanced the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha in post-MI heart and reduced the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, these results were confirmed with the histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, pretreatment with either AgNO3 or AgNPs improved the aspartate aminotransferase level.ConclusionThese results suggested that AgNPs have more superior cardioprotective effect compared with AgNO3 against Iso-induced MI, at least in part through amelioration of NF-κB expression level induced by oxidative stress overproduction.
Radiosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer benefits for treatment of chronic colon inflammation due to their anti-inflammatory activity. Targeted delivery of AgNPs to the colon allows topical treatment at high concentration but at reduced systemic side effects. Meanwhile, related to drug administration, oral route is a common method. However, the physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract limits the AgNPs ability to achieve their therapeutic level. This is specifically related to the acidic environment of the stomach and mucus layer of the GI tract. Concurently, alginates are one of the most extensively explored biomaterial classes for drug delivery system due to its biocompatibility, gel-forming ability at mild condition, anionic nature, sensitivity, and mucoadhesiveness. In this review we provide an overview of appropriate features of alginates as capping agent for oral delivery of radiosynthesized AgNPs to the colon. As capping agents, alginates play multiple roles specific to its processing stages, i.e., radiosynthesis, stabilization of nanoparticle system, and oral colon delivery devices of AgNPs. Additionally, we describe outstanding features of alginates as capping agents for drug delivery device as well as the positive contributions of radiation processing on improving the functional effects of alginate.
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