Aim: to show the effect of genetically determined folate cycle deficiency in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants: 89 children (57 boys; 32 girls, Ukraine, 2-10 years old); participants were diagnosed with ASD. The control group consisted of 34 children with ASD. Diagnostic methods:polymerase chain reaction (PCR), complex immunological research, diagnosis of infection, determination of biomarkers. Results and discussion:Hyperhomocysteinemia was revealed in 87% of cases (p <0.05; Z <Z0.05).The indicated form of immunodeficiency was noted among 91% participants in the study, while only in 27% children of the control group had a similar immunological phenotype.The serum concentration of folic acid was increased in 64%, and reduced in 21% of cases. An increase of vitamin B12 also occurred in 64%, and vitamin B6 - only in 43% of cases. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.737-742
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of valaciclovir, valganciclovir, and artesunate in treating chronic reactivated human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7) infection associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). From 255 patients (192 cases) with reactivated HHV-6 and HHV-7 infections (confirmed based on blood leukocyte PCR), valaciclovir, valganciclovir, or artesunate was administered at a dose of 3000, 900, and 100 mg/day, respectively, for 3 months (study group). The control group consisted of similar patients with ME/CFS (n = 63) not taking any antiviral drugs. The significance of differences was evaluated by Student's t-test and the nonparametric criterion-the number of Z-signs. Negative PCR results in patients with HHV-6 and HHV-7 treated with valaciclovir was achieved in 26% and 23% (first month), 34%, and 28% (second month), 37% and 34% of cases (third month), respectively (P < 0.05; Z < Z 0.05 ). The same results with valganciclovir were obtained in 35% and 33% (first month), 44% and 39% (second month), 48% and 45% of cases (third month), but with artesunate in 44% and 41% (first month), 57% and 53% (second month), 68% and 63% of cases (third month), respectively (P < 0.05; Z < Z 0.05 ). Artesunate is more effective than valganciclovir and valacyclovir in patients with ME/CFS with reactivated HHV-6 and HHV-7 infections.
Objectives. The results of previous small clinical trials indicate the potential benefit of combination immunotherapy with Propes and Inflamafertin to compensate for NK and NKT cell deficiency due to genetic deficiency of the folate cycle in children with autism spectrum disorders. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of combined immunotherapy with Propes and Inflamafertin in NK and NKT cell deficiency in children with autism spectrum disorders associated with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle. Material and methods. This single-center, prospective, controlled, nonrandomized clinical trial included 96 children aged 2 to 10 years with autism spectrum disorders associated with a genetic folate deficiency (study group, SG). Children of SG received Propes at a dose of 2 ml IM every other day for 3 consecutive months (45 injections), and Inflamafertin at a dose of 2 ml IM every other day for 3 months in a row, alternating with Propes (45 injections). The control group (CG) consisted of 32 children of similar age and gender distribution who suffered from autism spectrum disorders associated with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle, but who did not receive immunotherapy. Outcomes. The number of NK cells reached the lower limit of normal in 39 out of 53 patients (74% of cases), with the resulting deficiency of these lymphocytes, and the average number of NK cells in the blood in SG almost doubling during the 3-month course of immunotherapy (р ˂ 0.05; Z ˂ Z0.05). However, it returned to almost initial level in the 2 months following the discontinuation of immunotherapeutic agents (р˃0.05; Z˃Z0.05). The number of NKT cells was normalized in 78 out of 87 patients (89% of cases) with an initial deficiency of these cells, and the average number of NKT cells in the blood in the DG increased during the course of immunotherapy by half (р ˂ 0.05; Z ˂ Z0.05) and continued to grow for the next 2 months after the discontinuation of immunotropic drugs (р ˂ 0.05; Z ˂ Z0.05). There was a link between immunotherapy and normalization of NK - (χ2 = 18.016; OR = 13.929; 95%CI = 3.498-55.468) and NKT-cells (χ2 = 60.65; OR = 46.800; 95%CI = 14.415-151.937) in the blood with a strong association between these processes (criterion φ = 0.504 and 0.715 respectively; С = 0.450 and 0.581 respectively). Conclusions. Combination immunotherapy with Propes and Inflamafertin is an effective strategy for the treatment of immunodeficiency caused by genetic deficiency of the folate cycle in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Perfluorinated covalent triazine frameworks (F-CTFs) have shown unique features and attractive performance in separation and catalysis. However, state-of-the-art F-CTFs synthesized via the ZnCl 2 -promoted procedure have quite low fluorine contents due to C À F bond cleavage induced by chloride (a Lewis base) and the harsh conditions deployed (400-700 8C). Fabricating F-CTFs with high fluorine contents (> 30 wt %) remains challenging. Herein, we present a lowtemperature ionothermal approach (275 8C) to prepare F-CTFs, which is achieved via polymerization of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFPN) over the Lewis superacids, e.g., zinc triflimide [Zn(NTf 2 ) 2 ] without side reactions. With low catalyst loading (equimolar), F-CTFs are afforded with high fluorine content (31 wt %), surface area up to 367 m 2 g À1 , and micropores around 1.1 nm. The highly hydrophobic F-CTF-1 exhibits good capability to boost electroreduction of CO 2 to CO, with faradaic efficiency of 95.7 % at À0.8 V and high current density (À141 mA cm À2 ) surpassing most of the metal-free electrocatalysts.
The state of antitumor immunity of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer during treatment (radiation and chemoradiation therapy), which additionally included α/β-defensin immunotherapy, was studied. In all three study groups, where preparation α/β-defensins was used, there was a more pronounced dose-dependent decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes in the blood than among those receiving cytostatic therapy in mono mode. Patients of group I received radiation therapy and immunotherapy, group II - chemoradiation and immunotherapy, group III - radiation therapy with immunotherapy in increased doses, VI - radiation, V - chemoradiation. Thus, in group І the decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes was by 0.6×109/l, in group II - by 0.82×109/l, and in group III - by 0.93×109/l; by 8.51% there was a decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes in group I, by 15.52% in group II and in group III - by 14.32%. A significant decrease in the absolute number of CD3+ T cells in the blood was registered with a combination of radiation- and immunotherapy: in group I from 1141×106/l to 682×106/l and in group III - from 871×106/l to 309×106/l. At the same time, there was an increase in the relative number of natural killers in the blood of patients undergoing radiation therapy in combination with immunotherapy, also with a dose-dependent effect, the growth in group I is from 16 to 17% and group III - from 13.4 to 19.5%. Among patients undergoing cytostatic therapy, there were significant differences in the absolute number of NKT cells in the combination of radiation and immunotherapy, groups I and III, by reducing the number of these lymphocytes in the blood from 86 to 57 and from 62 to 31, respectively. α/β-defensins have been shown to have a dose-dependent adjuvant effect on cytostatic treatment – radiation, and chemoradiation of patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Simultaneously with the use of the drug α/β-defensins associated additional immunomodulatory effect in the form of the restructuring of the subpopulation of lymphocytes due to an increase in the relative number of natural killers in the blood.
неоднократно сообщали об эффективности внутривенной иммуноглобулинотерапии у некоторых детей с расстройствами спектра аутизма без уточнения критерия отбора потенциальных ответчиков на иммунотерапию. Цель исследования: оценить эффективность и безопасность высокодозовой иммуноглобулинотерапии при расстройствах аутистического спектра у детей с генетическим дефицитом фолатного цикла. Материалы и методы. Исследуемую группу составили 78 детей в возрасте от 2 до 10 лет, которые принимали в/в иммуноглобулин в дозе 2 г/кг/мес на протяжении 6 месяцев. В контрольную группу вошли дети аналогичного возрастного и гендерного распределения, которые получали лишь немедикаментозную реабилитационную поддержку. Выявляли замены нуклеотидов MTHFR677 С > Т, MTHFR1298 А > С, MTRR A/G и MTR A/G в различных комбинациях методом полимеразной цепной реакции. Динамику психических симптомов оценивали при помощи шкалы Aberrant Behavior Checklist. Результаты и обсуждение. Достигнуто полное устранение фенотипа расстройств аутистического спектра у 21 пациента и выраженная положительная динамика еще у 33 детей исследуемой группы (p < 0,05; Z < Z 0,05). Параллельно отмечалась положительная динамика со стороны других клинических проявлений фенотипа дефицита фолатного цикла: PANDAS (у 19 из 21), эпилептического (у 29 из 36) и кишечного (у 49 из 68 детей) синдромов (p < 0,05; Z < Z 0,05). Не отмечено положительной динамики со стороны симптомов поражения пирамидных путей ÎÐÈòÍÀËÜͲ ÄÎÑ˲ÄAEÅÍÍß /ORIGINAL RESEARCHES/
aspects of pathogenesis of gout in light of recent scientific discoveries as a key for development of informative biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies.
ОЦЕНКА ИммуННОГО СТАТуСА у ДЕТЕЙ С РАССТРОЙСТВОм АуТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫм С ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИм ДЕфИЦИТОм фОЛАТНОГО ЦИКЛА Национальный медицинский университет им. А. А. Богомольца
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